Non-syndromic multiple supernumerary teeth: report of a case with 14 supplemental teeth.

Indian J Dent Res. 2007 Jul-Sep;18(3):144

Authors: Sivapathasundharam B, Einstein A

PMID: 17687181 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Mesiodens with an unusual morphology and multiple impacted supernumerary teeth in a non-syndromic patient.

Indian J Dent Res. 2007 Jul-Sep;18(3):138-40

Authors: Srivatsan P, Aravindha Babu N

Supernumerary teeth are a relatively frequent disorder of odontogenesis characterized by an excess number of teeth. Mesiodens is the most common type of supernumerary tooth found in the premaxilla between the two central incisors. They can be supplemental (resembling natural teeth), conical, tuberculate or molariform. We present the case of a 19 year-old girl who presented with a mesiodens of an unusual morphology and multiple impacted supernumerary teeth not associated with any syndrome.

PMID: 17687179 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Non-syndrome multiple supernumerary teeth: A case report.

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2007;8(4):81-7

Authors: Gündüz K, Muğlali M

AIM: The purpose of this case report is to present a case of a non-syndrome male patient with multiple supplemental supernumerary teeth in three quadrants of his mouth. BACKGROUND: Supernumerary teeth are described as the teeth formed in excess of the number found in a normal dentition. Prevalence of supernumerary teeth varies between 0.1% and 3.8% in the general Caucasian population. Multiple supernumerary teeth are not a common occurrence, although a single or a few supernumerary tooth/teeth in each case have been widely reported in the literature. REPORT: An 11-year-old male presented for a routine preventive dental visit. A routine panoramic radiograph showed the presence of multiple supernumerary teeth which were located in the maxillary right canine incisor region, the maxillary left premolar region, and the mandibular right premolar region. The family's medical history was non-contributory, and an extraoral examination did not reveal any abnormality. SUMMARY: It is rare to find multiple supernumerary teeth in individuals with no other associated diseases or syndromes. This case report presents a case of a non-syndrome male patient with multiple supplemental supernumerary teeth in three quadrants of his mouth.

PMID: 17486191 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Dentigerous cyst associated with multiple mesiodens: a case report.

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2007 Mar;25(1):56-9

Authors: Dinkar AD, Dawasaz AA, Shenoy S

Dentigerous cyst is a developmental odontogenic cyst, which apparently develops by accumulation of fluid between reduced enamel epithelium and the tooth crown of an unerupted tooth. When observed with erupted and complete dentition the diagnosis is a surprise; as about 95% of dentigerous cysts involve the permanent dentition and only 5% are associated with supernumerary teeth. The usual age of clinical presentation of dentigerous cyst due to supernumerary tooth is during the first four decades. Mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth situated between the maxillary central incisors. More frequently the mesiodens occurs unilaterally, but it may also be bilateral, while three or more supernumerary teeth in the median region of the palate are more rarely found. We report a rare case of dentigerous cyst in association with multiple mesiodens in a 14-year-old female patient.

PMID: 17456972 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Clinical and intraoral findings of a patient with tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome type I.

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2007 Mar;25(1):43-5

Authors: Karacay S, Saygun I, Tunca Y, Imirzalioglu N, Guvenc G

Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is a rare and an autosomal dominant disorder having the following characteristics: slowly growing sparse hair, medially thick and laterally thin eyebrows, bulbous tip of the nose, long flat philtrum and thin upper lip with vermilion border, protruding ears, cone-shaped epiphyses and swelling. Our report intends to introduce TRPS to the dental literature and to present oral, clinical and radiological data of a patient with TRPS. A rare association of supernumerary teeth was also diagnosed and one of them was extracted as it impeded on the eruption path of left premolar tooth.

PMID: 17456968 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Anesthetic management of the trigeminocardiac reflex during mesiodens removal-a case report.

Anesth Prog. 2007;54(1):7-8

Authors: Webb MD, Unkel JH

We describe a case in which reflection of a palatal flap for removal of a mesiodens is presented as the triggering factor for bradycardia caused by stimulation of the trigeminocardiac reflex. The management of the case, as well as the reflex arc, is discussed.

PMID: 17352528 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

An observational study of the frequency of supernumerary teeth in a population of 2000 patients.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2007 Mar;12(2):E134-8

Authors: Leco Berrocal MI, Martín Morales JF, Martínez González JM

OBJECTIVES: An evaluation is made of the epidemiological characteristics of supernumerary teeth, with an analysis of the associated clinical-eruptive complications. STUDY DESIGN: A longitudinal observational study was made of 2000 patients, with the documentation of demographic data, the presence of supernumerary teeth, their location, mechanical accidents and the presence of associated pathology. RESULTS: The presence of supernumerary teeth was recorded in 1.05% of the study subjects (mean age 20.2 years), with a greater frequency in males. The most frequent location was in the upper maxilla (79.2%), fundamentally in the retromolar zone and at premaxillary level. The presence of mechanical accidents was the most frequent complication (54%)--the displacement of adjacent teeth being the most common finding--along with the presence of follicular cysts. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of supernumerary teeth in our series was 1.05%, the most frequent location being at upper distomolar level. Mechanical accidents were the most frequent complication.

PMID: 17322802 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

The development of supernumerary teeth in the mandible in cases with a history of supernumeraries in the pre-maxillary region.

J Orthod. 2006 Dec;33(4):250-5

Authors: Hall A, Onn A

This article presents four cases in which delayed formation and late eruption of supernumerary teeth in the mandible occurred in patients with a history of supernumerary formation in the premaxilla region. In all cases, the premaxillary supernumeraries prevented eruption of the associated permanent incisor(s).

PMID: 17142331 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Cleidocranial dysplasia: importance of radiographic images in diagnosis of the condition.

J Oral Sci. 2006 Sep;48(3):161-6

Authors: Tanaka JL, Ono E, Filho EM, Castilho JC, Moraes LC, Moraes ME

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare syndrome usually caused by an autosomal dominant gene, although 40% of cases of CCD appear spontaneously with no apparent genetic cause. This condition is characterized by several cranial malformations and underdevelopment, absence of the clavicles, and multiple supernumerary and impacted permanent teeth. The diagnosis of this condition is usually based on the presence of the main features (supernumerary teeth, partial or total absence of one or both the clavicles, and bony malformations) and on clinical and familial evidence. The bony and dental features of CCD may be visualized on radiographic images of the face and skull. Here, we present a familial case of CCD and discuss the importance of dental radiographs in diagnosis of the condition.

PMID: 17023750 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Bilaterally impacted maxillary central incisors: surgical exposure and orthodontic treatment: a case report.

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2006 Sep 1;7(4):98-105

Authors: Bayram M, Ozer M, Sener I

Maxillary central incisor impactions occur infrequently. Their origins include various local causes, such as odontoma, supernumerary teeth, and space loss. Supernumerary and ectopically impacted teeth are asymptomatic and found during routine clinical or radiological examinations. The surgical exposure and orthodontic traction of bilaterally impacted central incisors after removal of impacted supernumerary teeth is presented in this report.

PMID: 16957796 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Two cases with supernumerary teeth in lower incisor region.

Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 2006 Feb;47(1):19-23

Authors: Yokose T, Sakamoto T, Sueishi K, Yatabe K, Tsujino K, Kubo S, Yakushiji M, Yamaguchi H

Abnormalities in number of teeth are occasionally noted in clinical cases. Many theories have been proposed as regards the causes of the occurrence of supernumerary teeth, including atavism theory, mechanical tooth germ separation theory, tissue induction theory, and dental laminar morphological disturbance theory. However, none of these theories alone offers a sufficient explanation for this phenomenon. The incidence of supernumerary permanent teeth is approximately 1-3%. These are the maxillary anterior teeth, the maxillary molars, and the maxillo-mandibular premolars in terms of descending order of site of occurrence. On the other hand, incidence in the mandibular anterior tooth area, of which there have been few detailed reports, is about 0.01%, a markedly low value. In this paper, we report two rare cases of supernumerary teeth in the mandibular incisor area. We discuss their etiology and orthodontic treatment, and detail a differential diagnosis between the normal and supernumerary teeth. We found that it was difficult to establish a clear etiology and differentiation between the normal and supernumerary teeth.

PMID: 16924155 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

An impacted supplemental premolar in the mandible.

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2006 Jun;24(2 Suppl):S38-40

Authors: Koul M, Koul R

Supernumerary teeth are rare anomalies of the maxillofacial complex that are more common in the maxilla than in the mandible. This article reports a case of an impacted supplemental type of supernumerary tooth in the mandibular arch, in the left premolar region. The etiology, types and treatment alternatives are discussed.

PMID: 16891751 [PubMed - in process]

Coexistent partial anodontia and supernumerary tooth in the mandibular arch: A rare case.

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2006 Jun;24(2 Suppl):S33-4

Authors: Das G, Sarkar S, Bhattacharya B, Saha N

Coexistent partial anodontia and supernumerary tooth in the lower jaw is a very uncommon condition. Very few cases have been reported in the literature of this condition, etiology of which is still obscure. Presented here is a rare case of simultaneous presence of single supernumerary tooth together with missing permanent central incisor teeth in the lower jaw without any associated systemic condition or syndrome.

PMID: 16891749 [PubMed - in process]

Non-syndrome associated multiple supernumerary teeth: A report of two cases.

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2006 Jun;24(2 Suppl):S11-4

Authors: Nayak UA, Mathian VM,

Multiple supernumerary teeth are usually associated with syndromes. On the contrary, multiple supernumerary teeth without association with any syndromes are very rare. This article presents a report of two cases with multiple supernumerary teeth not associated with any syndrome and emphasizes the routine advice of orthopantomogram whenever a single supernumerary tooth is detected irrespective of whether the patient has any syndrome or not.

PMID: 16891742 [PubMed - in process]

Surgical and orthodontic treatment of an impacted permanent central incisor: a case report.

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2006 Jun;24(2):100-3

Authors: Thosar NR, Vibhute P

Although impaction of a permanent tooth is rarely diagnosed during the mixed dentition period, an impacted central incisor is usually diagnosed accurately when there is delay in the eruption of tooth. In this article, the impacted incisor was moved into it's proper position with surgical exposure and orthodontic traction, after which it showed good stability.

PMID: 16823236 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Retrospective study of 145 supernumerary teeth.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2006 Jul;11(4):E339-44

Authors: Fernández Montenegro P, Valmaseda Castellón E, Berini Aytés L, Gay Escoda C

OBJECTIVE: The goal of the present retrospective study is to describe the distribution of the supernumerary teeth in a population of patients that have been attended at the Public Clinic of the Department of Oral Surgery. BACKGROUND: Supernumerary teeth and multiple hyperdontia are usually associated with different syndromes, such as Gardner syndrome, or with facial fissures; however, they can appear in patients without any pathology. Their prevalence oscillates to 0.5-3.8% in patients with permanent teeth and to 0.35-0.6% in patients with primary teeth. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 36,057 clinical histories of patients that were admitted at the clinic between September of 1991 and March of 2003 were revised. The following data were extrapolated: age, sex, number of extracted supernumerary teeth, localization, morphology and type of supernumerary teeth. Consequently, 102 patients were included into the present study. RESULTS: Of the 147 supernumerary teeth identified in the oral cavities of patients 145 were extracted. The most frequent supernumerary teeth identified were mesiodens (46.9%), followed by premolars (24.1%) and fourth molars or distal molars (18%). As for location, 74.5% of the supernumerary teeth were found in the superior maxillary bone and 46.9% of the supernumerary teeth were present in the palatine/lingual area. Heteromorphology was found in two thirds of the supernumerary teeth, with conical shape being the most frequent. Finally, 29.7% of the supernumerary teeth had occlusion with permanent teeth, and mesiodens were the predominating type of supernumerary teeth that showed this feature. CONCLUSIONS: Mesiodens very frequently cause retention of permanent incisors, which erupt spontaneously after the extraction of supernumerary teeth, if there is sufficient space in the dental arch and if they conserve the eruptive force. Generally, supernumerary premolars are eumorphic and are casually discovered during radiological exam, if not producing any symptomology.

PMID: 16816819 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Ectopia or concomitant hypohyperdontia? A case report.

J Orthod. 2006 Jun;33(2):71-7

Authors: Bateman G, Mossey PA

This report describes the unusual appearance seen on a panoramic radiograph of an orthodontic patient which the authors argue may represent ectopia or concomitant hypohyperdontia of the mandibular premolar teeth. A literature review describes the frequency of such anomalies in this area from previous studies. The presenting features of the patient and the differential diagnoses are explored. Treatment planning is discussed and treatment carried out in this particular case is detailed. The unusual symmetrical bilateral anomalies in this patient may point to a genetic determinant of tooth germ position and/or movement.

PMID: 16751428 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Dental treatment strategies in a 40-year-old patient with cleidocranial dysplasia.

J Appl Genet. 2006;47(2):199-201

Authors: Olszewska A

Oral anomalies and dental treatment in a patient with cleidocranial dysplasia (referred to the dental clinic at the age of 40 years) are presented. Five supernumerary teeth were found in the patient: three in the maxilla in the area of molars and two in the mandibula in the area of premolars. Therapy included surgical exposure of impacted teeth in combination with removal of supernumerary teeth.

PMID: 16682765 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Endodontic treatment of a supernumerary tooth fused to a mandibular second molar: a case report.

J Oral Sci. 2006 Mar;48(1):39-41

Authors: Ghoddusi J, Zarei M, Jafarzadeh H

Since abnormal tooth morphology can predispose to caries and periodontal disease, careful management of fused teeth is essential. In this paper we report a rare case of a fused molar and supernumerary tooth and describe its management. Caries was removed from the tooth complex under local anesthesia. The pulp chamber of the supernumerary tooth was exposed without involvement of second molar pulp chamber. The root canal of the supernumerary tooth was prepared using the step back technique and copious irrigation with 2.6% sodium hypochlorite. Obturation using the lateral condensation technique with gutta-percha and AH26 sealer was subsequently performed and final restoration was accomplished with composite resin. Nine months after the treatment, no clinical or radiographic concern is apparent, and the second molar tooth has remained vital.

PMID: 16617200 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Maxillary midline diastema: a case report involving a combined orthodontic/maxillofacial approach.

J Orthod. 2006 Mar;33(1):22-7

Authors: Campbell A, Kindelan J

This paper presents an orthodontic case of a large (14.5 mm) maxillary midline diastema that was related to the presence, and subsequent removal of 2 median maxillary supernumerary teeth and resulting bone loss. A combined orthodontic and maxillofacial approach involving bone grafting and fixed appliances was used to close the space. This episode of care was organized as interceptive treatment during development of the permanent dentition.

PMID: 16514130 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Congenital lower lip pits (Van der Woude syndrome): report of a case.

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2006 Feb 15;7(1):134-40

Authors: Kirzioglu Z, Ertürk MS

Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that is characterized by a cleft lip and palate with congenital lip pits. This is a report of a case of VWS with sinuses in the lower lip, a cleft in the upper lip, and a supernumerary tooth in the maxilla. The main characteristics of this disorder are discussed. Dental treatment of the patient was performed, but the surgical removal of the sinus was rejected by the parents. This case report brings this condition to the attention of dentists and surgeons and emphasizes lip pits may not always be identical in appearance.

PMID: 16491156 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Erupted maxillary conical mesiodens in deciduous dentition in a Bengali girl - A case report.

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2005 Sep;23(3):153-5

Authors: Ray D, Bhattacharya B, Sarkar S, Das G

Mesiodens is a midline supernumerary tooth commonly seen in the maxillary arch. It is the most significant dental anomaly affecting permanent dentition mainly and primary dentition rarely. It may occur as an isolated dental anomalous condition or may be associated with a syndrome. Many theories have been promulgated to explain its etiology. But an exact etiology is still obscure. Incidence of mesiodens in children varies from 0.15 to 3.8%. Boys are affected more (2 : 1) than Girls. Morphologically, mesiodens may be of three types: the most commonly seen is conical, while tuberculate and supplementary types.

PMID: 16224138 [PubMed - in process]

New dental findings in the median cleft facial syndrome.

J Am Dent Assoc. 2005 May;136(5):631-4

Authors: Haro Montero MM, Romero Maroto M, Bravo Gonzalez LA, Sanchez del Pozo J

BACKGROUND: The main features of median cleft facial syndrome are hypertelorism, cranium bifidum occultum, widow's peak, and midine clefting of the nose, upper lip and palate. Since this pathology was first described in 1967, many cases have been reported in the literature, but none of these reports has addressed oral anomalies in depth. CASE DESCRIPTION: The authors present the case of a female patient aged 4 years and 7 months who was diagnosed with median cleft facial syndrome. In this case, the patient had an abnormal number of teeth, owing to fusion or agenesis of teeth, supernumerary teeth and ectopic eruption of some teeth. These oral anomalies had not been described before in the literature as being associated with this syndrome. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Median cleft facial syndrome is a rare pathology; however, dentists should know its possible alterations at an oral level, because children with this syndrome need dental treatment to achieve good esthetics and correct occlusion.

PMID: 15966650 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Frequency of supernumerary teeth in Mexican population.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2004 Nov-Dec;9(5):407-9; 403-6

Authors: Salcido-García JF, Ledesma-Montes C, Hernández-Flores F, Pérez D, Garcés-Ortíz M

Supernumerary teeth (ST) are a not uncommon developmental anomaly which appears in 0.3 to 3.8 percent of the population. We studied the corresponding radiographs from 2241 patients, both sexes who seeked dental attention at the Outpatient Clinic of the División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, UNAM in Mexico City. Of them, we found 72 patients (3.2%) with 102 ST. Of the 72 patients, 39 were males (54.2%) and 33 females (45.8%). Mesiodens was the most common ST (48.6%), followed by supernumerary premolars (26.4%), supernumerary laterals (11.1%) and fourth molars (9.7%). This series includes cases with one, two and three ST and one case comprising 10 ST. Our results suggest that frequency of ST in the population studied differs in some aspects with previously reported series and that frequency of ST shows different rates depending the population studied. As our results demonstrate, it is encouraged the need to have panoramic radiographs of all patients attended in dental offices, clinics and schools of Dentistry in order to detect and diagnose undiscovered pathologies.

PMID: 15580117 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

An oral choristoma in a foal resembling hairy polyp in humans.

Vet Pathol. 2004 Nov;41(6):698-700

Authors: Steinbach TJ, Reischauer A, Kunkemöller I, Mense MG

A neonatal foal was presented with a 6.5-cm pedunculated mass arising from the upper deciduous incisors. The distal end was soft and covered by haired skin, whereas the proximal end was firm, covered with mucosal epithelium, and at the point of transection contained a fully developed tooth. Microscopically, the mass was covered by epidermis and mucosal epithelium and the remaining portion of the mass consisted of mature collagen, nonneoplastic fat and smooth muscle, and a single tooth within a bony socket. The mass is consistent with an oral choristoma and has features similar to those described for hairy polyp in humans.

PMID: 15557081 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Orthodontic treatment of fused and geminated central incisors: a case report.

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2004 Feb 15;5(1):136-44

Authors: Hashim HA

A 10-year old Egyptian male presented with a geminated upper right central incisor along with a fused and rotated upper left central incisor in cross bite. He also had severe crowding in the maxillary arch and a congenitally missing lower right first permanent premolar. Orthodontic treatment was carried out to align upper right and left central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines. Treatment options were discussed.

PMID: 14973567 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[Radiological location and surgical operation route of the embedded supernumerary teeth in maxilla]

Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2003 Oct;12(5):394-5

Authors: Hao XH

PMID: 14966626 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[Clinical analysis of extraction of 36 cases with embedded supernumerary teeth in the maxilla]

Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2003 Dec;12(6):475, 478

Authors: Huang CY, Li YQ, Cheng XZ, Li J

PMID: 14966598 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

[A case of malformed root surface groove of maxillary lateral incisor with supernumerary root]

Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2003 Apr;12(2):87

Authors: Zhou WT, Qi XM, Liu L

PMID: 14661506 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Supernumerary fourth and fifth molars: a report of two cases.

J Contemp Dent Pract. 2003 Nov 15;4(4):67-76

Authors: Kokten G, Balcioglu H, Buyukertan M

Panoramic radiographs of two female patients ages 22 and 21 revealed the presence of two impacted bilateral upper fourth molars and unilateral (right) upper fourth and fifth molars. All of the teeth were distomolars. The supernumerary teeth had normal tooth morphology with regard to their crowns and roots but were slightly smaller than the existing third molars. Their crowns were either two or three tuberculated and they all had single roots.

PMID: 14625596 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Bilateral maxillary and mandibular fourth molars.

Br Dent J. 2002 Oct 12;193(7):363

Authors: Mupparapu M

PMID: 12420004 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Congenital tooth anomalies and malocclusions: a genetic link?

Eur J Orthod. 2001 Apr;23(2):145-51

Authors: Basdra EK, Kiokpasoglou MN, Komposch G

The aim of the present study was to investigate putative relationships between different malocclusions such as Class III and Class II division 1, and congenital tooth anomalies. Two-hundred Class III and 215 Class II division 1 patients were examined for the presence of any of the following congenital tooth anomalies: maxillary incisor hypodontia, maxillary canine impaction, transpositions, supernumerary teeth, and tooth agenesis. Their occurrence rates were then calculated as a percentage of the total sample and were compared for statistical differences. The results revealed no statistical difference (P > 0.05) in the occurrence rates of upper lateral incisor agenesis, peg-shaped laterals, impacted canines, or supernumerary teeth between the Class III and the Class II division 1 malocclusions. When the occurrence rate of all congenital tooth anomalies was compared between the two malocclusions, Class III subjects showed significantly higher rates (P < 0.05). Comparison with published surveys on general populations showed similar occurrence rates. It can be concluded that subjects with Class III and Class II division 1 malocclusions show patterns of congenital tooth anomalies similar to those observed in the general population. Congenital tooth anomalies may represent another criterion for the study of malocclusion, with respect to their origin and development.

PMID: 11398552 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Survey of dental treatments for pediatric patients referred to the pediatric dental clinic of a dental school hospital.

Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 2000 Aug;41(3):127-33

Authors: Sekiguchi H, Ishiuchi C, Yakushiji M

This survey was conducted to clarify which dental treatments in children are regarded as difficult by general dentistry practitioners. The subjects were 615 children who first visited Tokyo Dental College Chiba Hospital from January 1995 to August 1999 with reference letters. There were 615 children in the study; 571 (92.8%) came from Chiba City where our hospital is located and the 11 regions surrounding Chiba City. The prime reasons for referral in the order of frequency were treatments of dental caries, malalignment/malocclusion, traumatized teeth, supernumerary teeth, retarded eruption/impacted teeth, abnormal direction of erupted teeth, congenitally missing teeth, prolonged retention of deciduous teeth, and abnormal frenulum. Patients with dental caries or traumatized teeth in the deciduous dentition period and those with malalignment/malocclusion, supernumerary teeth, or retarded eruption/impacted teeth in the mixed dentition period were often referred to medical organizations specializing in pediatric dentistry because of the difficulties in controlling the patients' behavior and in providing adequate treatment. The information about pediatric dental treatments considered difficult by general dentists revealed by this survey appears to be useful and needs to be incorporated in the programs for clinical training of undergraduate students and education of postgraduate students.

PMID: 11212585 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

The Class II Division 2 craniofacial type is associated with numerous congenital tooth anomalies.

Eur J Orthod. 2000 Oct;22(5):529-35

Authors: Basdra EK, Kiokpasoglou M, Stellzig A

The aim of the present study was to examine whether a putative relationship exists between the Class II division 2 craniofacial type and congenital anomalies of the dentition, such as missing teeth, peg-shaped laterals, transpositions, supernumerary teeth and canine impactions. Two hundred and sixty-seven untreated patients with Class II division 2 malocclusion were examined. The results show that 56.6 per cent of the patients exhibited some form of congenital tooth anomaly, 13.9 per cent agenesis of the upper lateral incisors, 7.5 per cent peg-shaped upper laterals, while impacted canines were present in 33.5 per cent of the subjects. Transpositions were present in 1.1 per cent of the patients and in all cases the canine was involved. No patient exhibited a supernumerary tooth. Comparing the results of the present study with existing data on the percentage of congenital tooth anomalies in the general population, it can be concluded that Class II division 2 malocclusions are closely associated with congenital tooth anomalies.

PMID: 11105409 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

ABC of oral health. Oral health and disease.

BMJ. 2000 Jun 17;320(7250):1652-5

Authors: Holt R, Roberts G, Scully C

PMID: 10856071 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Treatment options for impacted teeth.

J Am Dent Assoc. 2000 May;131(5):623-32

Authors: Frank CA

BACKGROUND: A compilation of treatment options for impacted teeth is presented to assist dentists in discussing the sequelae of impacted teeth as well as the complications of treatment with their patients. OVERVIEW: A differential diagnosis for an impacted tooth is not possible without clinical assessment. However, an ankylosed tooth or a tooth with failure of its eruption mechanism may be mistaken for an impacted tooth. This review of national and international dental texts, journals and publications concerning impacted teeth spans more than 50 years. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Treatment options for the management of impacted teeth are separated into four categories: observation, intervention, relocation and extraction. The indications, contraindications and complications of each option are presented. This information will help the clinician identify developmental conditions associated with an increased probability of tooth impaction and assess available treatment options.

PMID: 10832256 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

A study of transposed canines in a sample of orthodontic patients.

Br J Orthod. 1998 Aug;25(3):203-8

Authors: Plunkett DJ, Dysart PS, Kardos TB, Herbison GP

Tooth transposition is a positional interchange of two adjacent teeth. The most commonly transposed tooth is the permanent canine with either the first premolar or lateral incisor. The records of 54 subjects with transposed canines, both maxillary and mandibular, were collected. Pretreatment study models of these subjects were matched with a similar number of models from unaffected individuals. Bucco-lingual and mesio-distal tooth widths, arch depth and arch width were measured on each model. Thirty-four subjects (63 per cent) were female. Thirty-seven (68.5 per cent) of the cases involved the maxillary arch and thirty-three (89.2 per cent) of these upper arch transpositions were of the canine and first premolar. In cases involving the lower arch the canine was invariably transposed with the lateral incisor. Peg-shaped lateral incisors, supernumerary and/or congenitally absent teeth occurred in 19 subjects. There were some small, but significant differences in the dimensions of some teeth, however there were no statistically significant differences in arch depths, arch widths and most tooth dimensions in subjects with and without transposed canines. These factors do not appear to be related to the development of canine transposition.

PMID: 9800019 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Supernumerary premolar teeth in siblings.

Br J Orthod. 1997 Nov;24(4):297-300

Authors: Scanlan PJ, Hodges SJ

The familial nature of supernumerary teeth is discussed in this paper and illustrated with a report showing the development of supernumeraries in siblings. The orthodontic treatment and possible sequelae to the development of supernumerary teeth in the premolar region is highlighted.

PMID: 9459028 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Late developing supernumerary teeth in the mandible.

Br J Orthod. 1997 Nov;24(4):293-6

Authors: Cochrane SM, Clark JR, Hunt NP

This paper presents two cases in which supplemental premolars were an incidental finding. Although anomalies of tooth number and form are quite common, both cases demonstrate late forming supernumeraries with one case illustrating their development in a more unusual site. It is not routine practice to screen for late development of teeth during orthodontic treatment. Therefore the possibility of their interference with occlusal development or orthodontic mechanics such as space closure, should always be kept in mind.

PMID: 9459027 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Mandibular incisor extraction: indications and long-term evaluation.

Eur J Orthod. 1996 Oct;18(5):485-9

Authors: Canut JA

The extraction of a lower incisor constitutes a therapeutic alternative limited to certain occlusal situations, i.e. supernumerary incisors, tooth size anomalies (peg-shaped upper laterals), ectopic eruption and anterior crossbites. The effect of the extraction of a single incisor on the out of retention alignment of lower anterior teeth was studied in 26 treated cases. Initial (T1), final (T2) and 5-8 years out of retention (T3) dental casts were measured. Mean crowding at the start of treatment (T1 = 3.86 mm) relapsed out of retention (T3 = 1.49 mm), with a net mean improvement of 2.37 mm. Little's irregularity index at the start of treatment (T1 = 6.44) relapsed out of retention (T3 = 2.53), with a net mean improvement of T1-T3 = 3.91. Alignment stability seems to be better than that achieved in cases subjected to premolar extraction.

PMID: 8942098 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Craniofacial abnormalities in homozygous Small eye (Sey/Sey) embryos and newborn mice.

J Anat. 1995 Jun;186 ( Pt 3):607-17

Authors: Kaufman MH, Chang HH, Shaw JP

The Small eye (Sey) gene in the mouse is lethal in the homozygous state. It is located on chromosome 2, is a mutation in the Pax-6 gene, and is genetically homologous with the human aniridia 2 (AN2) gene mutation. Numerous studies over the last few years, using genetic and molecular biological approaches, have investigated both the location of the gene as well as its possible mode of action. In the homozygous state, the primary defect appears to be limited to the failure of differentiation of the presumptive lens and nasal placodes. Such mice therefore display a characteristic phenotype; they possess neither eyes nor any nasal derivatives. Their heterozygous (Sey/+) and normal (+/+) littermates may be distinguished before birth only by a detailed examination of their eyes. Few detailed morphological/histological studies have been undertaken to date in the Sey/Sey embryos and newborn, and in the present study we describe a variety of craniofacial abnormalities that have not previously been reported. We observed, with one exception, delayed closure of the palate, and the presence in 80% of mice of an abnormal complement of upper incisor teeth, so that 35% possessed 1 supernumerary tooth while 45% possessed 2 supernumerary teeth. In these mice, a total of either 3 or 4, rather than the normal complement of 2, upper incisor teeth were present. Possibly the most unexpected finding, however, was the presence of a median cartilaginous rod-like structure which protruded between the 2 maxillae to give the Alizarin red S and Alcian blue-stained 'cleared' skulls of the newborn mice a characteristic 'unicorn-like' appearance. While this structure appeared to be a rostral extension of the chondrocranium, its exact derivation is unclear.

PMID: 7559133 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

A case of cleft palate in a Kuril seal (Phoca vitulina stejnegeri), from Hokkaido, Japan.

J Wildl Dis. 1992 Jul;28(3):490-3

Authors: Suzuki M, Kishimoto M, Hayama S, Ohtaishi N, Nakane F

A male pup Kuril seal (Phoca vitulina stejnegeri) from Hokkaido, Japan, was observed with a unilateral and total cleft of the primary palate. Complications included a supernumerary tooth, hypoplasia and asymmetry of the face, and deformation of the eyeball and external auditory meatus. An accompanying pneumonia may have resulted from water flowing into the respiratory system due to imperfect closure of the nostril by the cleft. No other abnormalities were found.

PMID: 1512890 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Application to forensic odontology of aspartic acid racemization in unerupted and supernumerary teeth.

J Dent Res. 1988 Oct;67(10):1319-22

Authors: Ogino T, Ogino H

Racemization of aspartic acid in dentin protein during the human lifetime progresses with age. The extent of racemization of aspartic acid in coronal dentin of normal permanent teeth can be used in forensic odontology to estimate the age of an individual at the time of death (Ogino et al., 1985). A series of experiments was conducted with dentin separated from unerupted and supernumerary teeth of various ages in an attempt to evaluate the advantages and limitations of this age-estimation method. The current study on nine tooth specimens showed that some unerupted permanent teeth with normal-sized and -shaped crowns (impacted third molar, canine, and incisor) could be used to estimate the age of individuals at the time of death within +/- 4 years. However, supernumerary teeth (mesiodens, paramolar) with extremely tiny (length of crown: 4 approximately 5 mn) and abnormally shaped crowns could not be used for analysis. In such cases, the estimated age of individuals analyzed by the racemization method deviated considerably from their actual age.

PMID: 3170888 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Dental abnormalities in free-ranging Cape mountain zebras (Equus zebra zebra).

J Wildl Dis. 1984 Apr;20(2):161-6

Authors: Penzhorn BL

PMID: 6737614 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Identification and localization of a mucopolysaccharidase in human deciduous teeth.

J Dent Res. 1980 Mar;59(3):594-601

Authors: Alexander SA, Swerdloff M

The presence of a mucopolysaccharidase in resorbing deciduous teeth was investigated using histochemical techniques. The loss of toluidine blue metachromasia within glycosaminoglycan film substrates indicated the presence of enzyme activity, and was related to physiologic resorption. Such activity was localized to the periodontal ligament of these teeth.

PMID: 6937492 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Supernumerary tooth formation in mouse molar transplants.

J Dent Res. 1977 Nov;56(11):1344

Authors: Kerley MA, Kollar EJ

PMID: 274456 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Cyclophosphamide-induced abnormalities in the incisors of the rat.

J Dent Res. 1977 Jul;56(7):809-16

Authors: Vahlsing HL, Kim SK, Feringa ER

A single injection of 75 mg/kg cyclophosphamide caused gross dental abnormalities in rats. Broken, malformed, overgrown, and "extra" incisors developed several weeks after drug treatment. Radioautographic investigations show no unusual features in the morphology or labeling with H3-thymidine in the odontogenic cells. The results suggest that the cytotoxic effect of the drug is a temporary one which induces a residual alteration of tooth growth.

PMID: 269161 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Dental abnormalities in rats after a single large dose of cyclophosphamide.

Cancer Res. 1975 Aug;35(8):2199-202

Authors: Vahlsing HL, Feringa ER, Britten AG, Kinning WK

Delayed drug-related mortality in rats treated with a single high dose (75 mg/kg) of cyclophosphamide complicated experiments using this drug treatment. We observed that this delayed mortality was due to dental abnormalities including broken teeth, absent teeth, extra long teeth, and/or supernumerary teeth. These dental abnormalities developed about 140 days after treatment and, if left untreated, interfered with eating. Eventually, the untreated rats starved. Clipping their long teeth and feeding the rats powdered chow eliminated the deaths. Researchers should be aware that high doses of cyclophosphamide may result in dental abnormalities several months after the treatment.

PMID: 1149033 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

A fourth pair of mandibular molars in a white-tailed deer.

J Wildl Dis. 1975 Jan;11(1):76-8

Authors: Abler WA, Scanlon PF

A fourth pair of mandibular molars in a white-tailed deer(Odocoileus virginianus) was located posterior to the third pair. There was a distinct gap between the third and fourth molars on both left and right sides.

PMID: 1113443 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]