Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia.
It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.
Naidu S, Loughlin P, Coldwell SE, Noonan CJ, Milgrom P.
A randomized controlled trial comparing mandibular local anesthesia techniques in children receiving nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation. (Dent Mater. 2001 Mar;17(2):142-8.)
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Malamed SF, Clark MS.
Injection pain: comparison of three mandibular block techniques and modulation by nitrous oxide:oxygen. (J Calif Dent Assoc. 2003 May;31(5):397-403.)
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Myers GR, Maestrello CL, Mourino AP, Best AM.
Effect of submucosal midazolam on behavior and physiologic response when combined with oral chloral hydrate and nitrous oxide sedation. (Pediatr Dent. 2004 Jan-Feb;26(1):37-43.)
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Houpt MI, Limb R, Livingston RL.
Clinical effects of nitrous oxide conscious sedation in children. (Pediatr Dent. 2004 Jan-Feb;26(1):29-36.)
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Lyratzopoulos G, Blain KM.
Inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide as an alternative to dental general anaesthesia for children. (J Public Health Med. 2003 Dec;25(4):303-12.)
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Wilson KE, Girdler NM, Welbury RR.
Randomized, controlled, cross-over clinical trial comparing intravenous midazolam sedation with nitrous oxide sedation in children undergoing dental extractions. (Br J Anaesth. 2003 Dec;91(6):850-6.)
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Jacobs S, Haas DA, Meechan JG, May S.
Injection pain: comparison of three mandibular block techniques and modulation by nitrous oxide:oxygen. (J Am Dent Assoc. 2003 Jul;134(7):869-76.)
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Takarada T, Kawahara M, Irifune M, Endo C, Shimizu Y, Maeoka K, Tanaka C, Katayama S.
Clinical recovery time from conscious sedation for dental outpatients. (Anesth Prog. 2002 Winter;49(4):124-7.)
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Wang CY, Chiu CL, Har KO, Chan C, Rahman ZA.
A comparative study of sevoflurane sedation with nitrous oxide sedation for dental surgery. (Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2002 Oct;31(5):506-10.)
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