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Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences
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Reports that describe the results of original theoretical or experimental research of exceptional
importance and broad interest to diverse groups of scientists.
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Bacterial diversity within the human subgingival crevice.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 December 7; 96(25): 14547–14552.
by Ian Kroes, Paul W. Lepp, and David A. Relman
Molecular, sequence-based environmental surveys of microorganisms have revealed a
large degree of previously uncharacterized diversity. However, nearly all studies
of the human endogenous bacterial flora have relied on cultivation and biochemical
characterization of the resident organisms. We used molecular methods to characterize
the breadth of bacterial diversity within the human subgingival crevice by comparing
264 small subunit rDNA sequences from 21 clone libraries created with products
amplified directly from subgingival plaque, with sequences obtained from bacteria
that were cultivated from the same specimen, as well as with sequences available
in public databases. The majority (52.5%) of the directly amplified 16S rRNA
sequences were <99% identical to sequences within public databases. In contrast,
only 21.4% of the sequences recovered from cultivated bacteria showed this degree
of variability. The 16S rDNA sequences recovered by direct amplification were also
more deeply divergent; 13.5% of the amplified sequences were more than 5%
nonidentical to any known sequence, a level of dissimilarity that is often
found between members of different genera. None of the cultivated sequences
exhibited this degree of sequence dissimilarity. Finally,
direct amplification of 16S rDNA yielded a more diverse view of the
subgingival bacterial flora than did cultivation. Our data suggest
that a significant proportion of the resident human bacterial flora
remain poorly characterized,
even within this well studied and familiar microbial environment
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