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   Drugs and Chemicals /  D   Dapsone (Avlosulfone)

A sulfone active against a wide range of bacteria but mainly employed for its actions against mycobacterium leprae. Its mechanism of action is probably similar to that of the sulfonamides which involves inhibition of folic acid synthesis in susceptible organisms. It is also used with pyrimethamine in the treatment of malaria.


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Leprosy
A chronic granulomatous infection caused by mycobacterium leprae. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.
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 Pharmacologic Action
  • Leprostatic Agent
    Substances that suppress Mycobacterium leprae, ameliorate the clinical manifestations of leprosy, and/or reduce the incidence and severity of leprous reactions.
  • Antimalarial
    Agents used in the treatment of malaria. They are usually classified on the basis of their action against plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human.
    • Folic Acid Antagonists
  • Folic Acid Antagonist
    Inhibitors of the enzyme, dihydrofolate reductase , which converts dihydrofolate (FH2) to tetrahydrofolate (FH4). They are frequently used in cancer chemotherapy.






Free Full Text 07 Sep 2008
Dapsone
Dapsone (4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, DDS) was synthesized a century ago and continues to be a powerful therapeutic tool in many skin diseases. We have tried to retrieve and present the available knowledge and relevant information on this old but still very useful drug with the hope of encouraging and guiding practicing dermatologists to adapt it for various indications. Our objective is to familiarize the clinician with how this agent works, in what disease states it is effective, how to administer it, what adverse effects may occur, and how to monitor the patient receiving this drug.
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Dapsone syndrome with acute renal failure during leprosy treatment: case report
Dapsone syndrome is a rare hypersensitivity reaction to dapsone and is characterized by high fever, papular or exfoliative dermatitis, progressing to liver toxicity and generalized lymphadenopathy, resembling a mononucleosis infection. We report a patient who developed acute renal failure, as well as other complications characteristic of dapsone syndrome, during leprosy treatment. Renal involvement had not been previously described as a dapsone syndrome feature.
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Dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome in an adolescent during treatment during of leprosy
A 12 y old girl was admitted 24 days after start a WHO multidrug therapy scheme for multibacillary leprosy (dapsone, clofazimine and rifampicin) with intense jaundice, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatoesplenomegaly, oral erosions, conjunctivitis, morbiliform rash and edema of face, ankles and hands
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Book Reviews 07 Sep 2008

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Categorization derived from National Library of Medicine.
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