Arrhythmia
Any variation from the normal rhythm or rate of the heart beat.
[
Articles]
Angina Pectoris
The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to Myocardial ischemia usually of distinctive character, location and radiation.
It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen
requirements of
the myocardium exceed that supplied by the coronary circulation.
[
Articles]
Glaucoma
An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an
unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand
without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the
increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and
severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia,
reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos
around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches.
[
Articles]
Pharmacologic Action
Adrenergic beta-Antagonist
Drugs that bind to but do not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking
the actions of beta-adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic beta-antagonists are used for
treatment of hypertension,
cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, glaucoma, migraine headaches, and anxiety.
Anti-Arrhythmia Agent
Agents used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. They may affect
the polarization-repolarization phase of the action potential, its excitability or
refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibers.
Anti-arrhythmia agents are often classed into four main groups according to their
mechanism of action: sodium channel blockade,
beta-adrenergic blockade, repolarization prolongation, or calcium channel blockade.
Antihypertensive Agent
Drugs used in the treatment of acute or chronic hypertension regardless of pharmacological mechanism.
Among the antihypertensive agents are Diuretics (especially Thiazide Diuretics),
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adrenergic Alpha-Antagonists; Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; Calcium channel blockers; Ganglionic Blockers; and Vasodilator agents.
Sympatholytic
Drugs that inhibit the actions of the sympathetic nervous system by any mechanism.
The most common of these are the Adrenergic Antagonists and drugs that deplete
norepinephrine or reduce the release of transmitters from adrenergic postganglionic
terminals. Drugs that act in the central nervous system to
reduce sympathetic activity (e.g., centrally
acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonists) are included here.
Free Full Text
08 Sep 2008
Topical beta blockers and atrioventricular block in the elderly
Ophthalmic beta-blocker solutions are commonly used in the treatment of glaucoma. Among them,
timolol is known to cause bradycardia and atrio-ventricular (AV) block. Levobunolol, another
topical beta-blocker solution is known to be associated with cardiovascular side effects.
We report a case of second degree AV block due to topical administration of carteolol.
Read more
A 7 year prospective comparative study of three topical beta blockers in the management of primary open angle glaucoma
A prospective randomised, open, comparative study of three topically applied beta blockers-timolol, betaxolol, and carteolol-was carried out on 153 patients (280 eyes) with newly diagnosed open angle glaucoma.
Read more
Ocular hypotensive efficacy and safety of once daily carteolol alginate
Carteolol is a beta adrenoceptor antagonist used topically to reduce intraocular pressure,
typically twice daily. In an effort to provide a once daily dosing regimen, carteolol was
formulated with 1% alginic acid. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy
and safety of
carteolol alginate solution in comparison with standard carteolol solution.
Read more
