A cross-sectional study of medication-related factors and caries experience i... Related Articles A cross-sectional study of medication-related factors and caries experience in asthmatic children. Pediatr Dent. 2006 Sep-Oct;28(5):415-9 Authors: Milano M, Lee JY, Donovan K, Chen JW PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the specific types of medication, length of use, frequency of use, and dosing time of day on the dental caries of children diagnosed with asthma. METHODS: Using a patient list from a previous study, surveys were mailed to the parents of 179 asthmatic children. The survey itself consisted of a table that asked 4 questions: (1) What combination of asthma medications was used by the subject? (2) How long were the medications used? (3) How often were the medications used? (4) What time of day were the medications used? RESULTS: Of the 179 surveys that were mailed out, 156 were returned. Children who used their medication greater than twice daily were significantly more likely to experience dental disease in both the primary (odds ratio [OR]=2.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.45-6.29) and mixed dentitions (OR=3.56, 95% CI 2.45-5.94). CONCLUSIONS: Increased frequency of asthma medication use was associated with increased likelihood of caries experience. The time of day asthma medication was used was associated with increased likelihood of caries experience in children in the primary dentition. Duration of asthma medication use was associated with a decreased likelihood of caries experience in children in the mixed dentition. PMID: 17036706 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Management of medical emergencies in the dental office: conditions in each co... Related Articles Management of medical emergencies in the dental office: conditions in each country, the extent of treatment by the dentist. Anesth Prog. 2006;53(1):20-4 Authors: Haas DA PMID: 16722281 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] beta 2-Adrenoceptor regulation of CGRP release from capsaicin-sensitive neurons. Related Articles beta 2-Adrenoceptor regulation of CGRP release from capsaicin-sensitive neurons. J Dent Res. 2003 Apr;82(4):308-11 Authors: Bowles WR, Flores CM, Jackson DL, Hargreaves KM Previous studies have suggested that neurotransmitter substances from the sympatho-adrenomedullary system regulate pulpal blood flow (PBF), in part, by the inhibition of vasoactive neuropeptide release from pulpal sensory neurons. However, no study has evaluated the role of beta-adrenoceptors. We evaluated the hypothesis that activation of beta-adrenoceptors inhibits immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide (iCGRP) release from capsaicin-sensitive nociceptive neurons via in vitro superfusion of bovine dental pulp. Either norepinephrine or epinephrine inhibited capsaicin-evoked iCGRP. The norepinephrine effect was blocked by the selective beta(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, ICI 118,551, but not by pre-treatment with the selective beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist, atenolol. In addition, application of albuterol, a selective beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist, significantly blocked capsaicin-evoked release of iCGRP. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that activation of beta(2)-adrenoceptors in dental pulp significantly reduces exocytosis of neuropeptides from capsaicin-sensitive nociceptors. This effect may have physiologic significance in regulating PBF. Moreover, since capsaicin selectively activates nociceptors, beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonists may have clinical utility as peripherally acting therapeutics for dental pain and inflammation. PMID: 12651937 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Emergency drugs. Related Articles Emergency drugs. Dent Clin North Am. 2002 Oct;46(4):815-30 Authors: Haas DA There is universal agreement that dentists require emergency drugs to be readily available. Opinions differ as to the specific drugs that should comprise an emergency kit. This article has provided one opinion. Oxygen, epinephrine, nitroglycerin, injectable diphenhydramine or chlorpheniramine, albuterol, and aspirin should be readily available in a dental office. Other drugs such as glucagon, atropine, ephedrine, hydrocortisone, morphine or nitrous oxide, naloxone, midazolam or lorazepam, and flumazenil should also be considered. There are differences in the level of training of dentists in the management of medical emergencies [25]. Therefore the final decision should be made by the individual dentist who is in the best position to determine the appropriateness of these agents for the particular practice. Despite the best efforts at prevention, emergencies may still arise. Plans to manage these events are needed and there is the possibility that the drugs discussed above may be required. Their presence may save a life. PMID: 12442734 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Increased risk for dental caries in asthmatic children. Related Articles Increased risk for dental caries in asthmatic children. Tex Dent J. 1999 Sep;116(9):35-42 Authors: Milano M PMID: 10860081 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Childhood asthma and dental erosion. Related Articles Childhood asthma and dental erosion. ASDC J Dent Child. 2000 Mar-Apr;67(2):102-6, 82 Authors: Shaw L, al-Dlaigan YH, Smith A The aim of this investigation was first to assess the prevalence of asthma in a random sample of fourteen-year-old children in Birmingham UK. Secondly to assess the levels of dental erosion in these children, and thirdly to see whether there was any correlation between children with asthma and the levels of dental erosion. A random sample of 418 children from twelve secondary schools was examined, 209 were male and 209 female. The level of tooth wear was recorded using a modification of the Tooth Wear Index of Smith and Knight. The prevalence of asthma in this group was 15.8 percent (66 children out of 418); the levels of dental erosion in children with asthma were higher. PMID: 10826044 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Medical emergencies in general dental practice in Great Britain. Part 2: Drug... Related Articles Medical emergencies in general dental practice in Great Britain. Part 2: Drugs and equipment possessed by GDPs and used in the management of emergencies. Br Dent J. 1999 Feb 13;186(3):125-30 Authors: Atherton GJ, McCaul JA, Williams SA OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the emergency drugs and equipment possessed by general dental practitioners (GDPs), the treatment provided and drugs used in management of the medical emergency events they reported. DESIGN: Postal questionnaire survey of a random sample of GDPs in Great Britain. SUBJECTS: 1500 GDPs, 1000 in England & Wales and 500 in Scotland. RESULTS: There was a 74% response. An aspirator, an airway, oxygen, adrenaline and an injectable steroid were possessed by about 90% of respondents; glucose, glyceryl trinitrate and a salbutamol inhaler by about 80%. Glucose was used in management of nearly one in ten of the events reported, an inhaler, glyceryl trinitrate and oxygen were the next most commonly used. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was carried out in management of 1.1-1.4% of events not associated with general anaesthesia (GA) and in 4.7-16% of events associated with GA, an average of once in 250 years of practice. CONCLUSIONS: Most respondents possessed drugs and equipment necessary to manage a medical emergency. Half the drugs recommended by the 'Poswillo report' to be available in every dental practice were not used in more than 8000 years of practice. PMID: 10101908 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Modulation by presynaptic beta-adrenoceptors of noradrenaline release from sy... Related Articles Modulation by presynaptic beta-adrenoceptors of noradrenaline release from sympathetic nerves in human dental pulp. Arch Oral Biol. 1998 Dec;43(12):949-54 Authors: Parker DA, Marino V, Ivar PM, de la Lande IS This study was undertaken to test for the presence of presynaptic beta-adrenoceptors on sympathetic nerves in human dental pulp and, if present, to investigate the subtype. Pulp was excised from freshly extracted teeth, incubated with [3H]-noradrenaline (0.6 micromol/l) and subsequently superfused with Krebs solution. Sympathetic nerves were stimulated at 5 Hz for 100 sec. The non-specific beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline (1.0 micromol/l), and the selective beta2-agonist salbutamol (10 micromol/l) facilitated the release of [3H]-noradrenaline; isoprenaline, but not salbutamol, also facilitated this release in the presence of desipramine (DMI, 0.3 micromol/l), corticosterone (10 micromol/l) and rauwolscine (0.1 micromol/l). BRL 37344 (1.0 micromol/l), a beta3-agonist, had no effect on [3H]-noradrenaline release. The facilitatory effects of isoprenaline and salbutamol were inhibited by the non-specific beta-antagonist propranolol (1.0 micromol/l), while that of salbutamol was inhibited in the presence of ICI-188,551 (1.0 micromol/l), a selective beta2-antagonist, as well. The beta1-antagonist atenolol (1.0 micromol/l) potentiated the facilitatory effects of isoprenaline in the presence of DMI and corticosterone. Neither propranolol nor ICI-188,551 alone affected the release of [3H]-noradrenaline. These results establish the presence of presynaptic beta-adrenoceptors on sympathetic nerves in human dental pulp. It is suggested that they are of the beta2-subtype, although a greater range of agonists and antagonists needs to be used to clarify the nature of the the beta-adrenoceptors. PMID: 9877326 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Inhaler medicament effects on saliva and plaque pH in asthmatic children. Related Articles Inhaler medicament effects on saliva and plaque pH in asthmatic children. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 1998;22(2):137-40 Authors: Kargul B, Tanboga I, Ergeneli S, Karakoc F, Dagli E The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect on saliva and plaque pH of beta 2 agonist (salbutamol 400 mcg) and inhaler corticosteroid (fluticasonepropionate 250 mcg). The interproximal plaque pH responses to these medicaments and examine the effect of chewing gum after the usage of these inhalers. Thirty children of both sexes, from six to fourteen years old, participated in the study. The pH microelectrode was used in the study. The interdental sites chosen were those between the premolars in the 4 quadrants. The pH measurements were made baseline and 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 minutes after the use of medicaments as inhaler and also saliva was stimulated by sugar free chewing gum (Vivident). Data analyses were conducted using a statistical package through the University's computing center. The resulting pH values decreased in all four plaque sites and saliva during 30 minutes after inhaler drugs. After rinsing with water, the pH values also decreased (p < 0.001). Decreasing pH increased with chewing gum (p < 0.001). The hypothesis is that a decrease in pH in medicated asthmatics could be caused by inhaler drugs. Conclusive evidence for the relative role of the disease and the drug in saliva secretion and composition seems to require a longitudinal study on asthmatics before and after the onset of drug administration. We suggest that children with bronchial asthma treated with inhaler drugs should receive special preventive attention. PMID: 9643188 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Ketorolac-induced bronchospasm in an aspirin-intolerant patient. Related Articles Ketorolac-induced bronchospasm in an aspirin-intolerant patient. Anesth Prog. 1994;41(4):102-7 Authors: Chen AH, Bennett CR A patient, in her mid-twenties, presented with "severe polypoid sinusitis" for sphenoethmoidectomy under general anesthesia. Upon preoperative medical evaluation, it was discovered that she was "allergic" to aspirin and suffered from stress-induced asthma. Before induction of anesthesia, the patient was administered intravenous hydrocortisone and two puffs of her albuterol inhaler to prevent a possible bronchospasm due to stress of the surgery or irritation from the endotracheal tube or other stimuli. The patient was maintained throughout the case with an inhalation anesthetic for its bronchodilatory effect. The surgery proceeded unremarkably, and the patient was then administered ketorolac tromethamine for postoperative pain. After an awake extubation, the patient was transferred to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) for further monitoring. After 15 min in the PACU, the patient claimed having difficulty breathing. She was then administered terbutaline to produce bronchodilation, but her condition did not improve. Shortly thereafter, aminophylline, midazolam, and methylprednisolone were also administered intravenously. Meanwhile, the patient had to be reintubated and placed on ventilator support with heavy sedation. At this point, it was discovered that ketorolac may have been the cause of this response. Although the patient's condition began to improve, the histamine H1- and H2-receptor blockers diphenhydramine and ranitidine were coadministered. When the patient's condition returned toward normal, she was extubated. The patient's breathing continued to improve. Thereafter, she was transferred to an overnight observation bed and later dismissed to return home. The patient was advised of the episode and warned against future intake of other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. PMID: 8934961 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] [Recommendations for basic emergency equipment in the dental office] Related Articles [Recommendations for basic emergency equipment in the dental office] Pract Odontol. 1991 Jul;12(7):35-9 Authors: Jim&#xE9;nez Vázquez P, García Luna M Medical emergencies in the dentist's office are a primary concern for dental surgeons. Since each individual therapist is personally responsible for the management of those eventualities, they must be properly trained to handle them. Prevention is still the most effective method for avoiding them, with clinical examination as the prime basis for their management. Some current factors that increase the possibility of office emergencies include: a raise in life expectancy rates, thus increasing the number of patients with chronic diseases; multiple and complex therapeutic regimes; patients under dialysis, immunosuppression, transplants, etc. Apart from proper training of the dental surgeon in managing medical emergencies, he must have adequate equipment for treating such events. This article aims to offer dentists a practical guide to emergency equipment, which must always be at his immediate disposal, as well as some practical guidelines for the use of drugs and some recommendations regarding the organization of such equipment. PMID: 1796075 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Saliva composition and caries development in asthmatic patients treated with ... Related Articles Saliva composition and caries development in asthmatic patients treated with beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists: a 4-year follow-up study. Scand J Dent Res. 1991 Jun;99(3):212-8 Authors: Ryberg M, M&#xF6;ller C, Ericson T In an earlier study, we found that chronic treatment with beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists in asthmatic subjects gave an impaired saliva secretion and a higher caries prevalence than in healthy controls. Twenty-one of the asthmatics and their matched controls were examined 4 yr later in a follow-up study. Samples of whole saliva stimulated by chewing and parotid saliva stimulated by citric acid were collected and dental caries was scored. In the asthmatic group the secretory rates of stimulated whole and parotid saliva decreased by 20% and 35%, respectively, compared to the control group. The number of lactobacilli increased. The asthmatic subjects had a decreased output per minute of total protein, amylase, hexosamine, salivary peroxidase, lysozyme, secretory IgA, a bacteria-aggregating glycoprotein, potassium, and calcium in stimulated parotid saliva. Initial and manifest caries lesions as well as the number of DFS were significantly increased in the asthma group. We conclude that asthmatic patients treated with beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists have an increased caries susceptibility due to an impaired saliva secretion caused by the use of beta-adrenergic agonists. PMID: 1871531 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Categorization derived from National Library of Medicine. Disclaimer