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A quaternary ammonium compound that is an inhibitor of cholinesterase activity with
actions similar to those of neostigmine, but of longer duration.
Ambenonium is given by mouth in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.
Pharmacologic Action:
Cholinesterase Inhibitor
Parasympathomimetic
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References:
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Myasthenia Gravis
A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by weakness of cranial and skeletal
muscles.
Autoantibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors damage the motor endplate portion
of the neuromuscular junction, impairing the transmission of impulses to skeletal muscles.
Clinical manifestations may include diplopia, ptosis, and weakness of facial, bulbar,
respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular
muscles. Thymoma is commonly associated with this condition.
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Articles]
Neonatal Myasthenia Gravis
A disorder of neuromuscular transmission that occurs in a minority of newborns born to women
with myasthenia gravis. Clinical features are usually present at birth or develop in the
first 3 days of life and consist of hypotonia and impaired respiratory, suck, and swallowing
abilities. This condition is associated with the passive transfer of acetylcholine receptor
antibodies through the placenta. In the majority of infants the myasthenic weakness
resolves (i.e., transient neonatal myasthenia gravis) although this disorder may rarely
continue beyond the neonatal period (i.e., persistent neonatal myasthenia gravis).
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Articles]
Autoimmune Experimental Myasthenia Gravis
Any autoimmune animal disease model used in the study of myasthenia gravis. Injection with
purified neuromuscular junction acetylcholine receptor (AChR) components results in a
myasthenic syndrome that has acute and chronic phases. The motor endplate pathology,
loss of acetylcholine receptors, presence of circulating anti-AChR antibodies,
and electrophysiologic changes make this condition virtually identical to human myasthenia
gravis. Passive transfer of AChR antibodies or lymphocytes from afflicted animals to
normals induces passive transfer experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis.
[
Articles]
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Cholinesterase Inhibitors
1,10-phenanthroline
2,5-hexanedione
Alternariol
Ambenonium Chloride
Armin
Azinphosmethyl
Carbaryl
Carbofuran
Chlorfenvinphos
Chlorpyrifos
Coumaphos
Diazinon
Dichlorvos
Dimethoate
Donepezil
Echothiophate Iodide
Edrophonium
Fasciculin
Fenitrothion
Fenthion
Fonofos
Galantamine
Huperzine A
Isoflurophate
Malathion
Methanesulfonyl fluoride
Methomyl
Methyl Parathion
Mevinphos
Monocrotophos
N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine
Naled
Neostigmine
Normeperidine
Octamethyl pyrophosphoramide
Paraoxon
Parathion
Phenylphosphonothioic Acid, 2-Ethyl 2-(4-Nitrophenyl) Ester
Phorate
Phosalone
Phosphamidon
Phoxim
Physostigmine
Physostigmine Heptyl
Pyridostigmine Bromide
Rivastigmine
Sarin
Soman
Tabun
Tacrine
Tetrachlorvinphos
Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide
Trichlorfon
Velnacrine
VX
Parasympathomimetics
2-methyldioxolane
2-methyspiro(1,3-oxathiolane-5,3)quinuclidine
5-methylfurtrethonium
Ambenonium Chloride
Bethanechol
Echothiophate Iodide
Galantamine
Guanidine
Irinotecan
Methacholine Chloride
Muscarine
Nebracetam
Neostigmine
RS 86
ST 91
Tacrine
Xanomeline
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