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wallerian degeneration Degeneration of distal aspects of a nerve axon following injury to the cell body or proximal portion of the axon.
The process is characterized by fragmentation of the axon and its myelin sheath.


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Nerve Degeneration

Retrograde Degeneration
Subacute Combined Degeneration
Wallerian Degeneration

Articles



PubmedNmnat delays axonal degeneration caused by mitochondrial and oxidative stress.
Authors:  Press C, Milbrandt J
Journal: J Neurosci

PubmedDraper-dependent glial phagocytic activity is mediated by Src and Syk family kinase signalling.
Authors:  Ziegenfuss JS, Biswas R, Avery MA, Hong K, Sheehan AE, Yeung YG, Stanley ER, Freeman MR
Journal: Nature

PubmedAn autopsy case of Fabry disease with neuropathological investigation of the pathogenesis of associated dementia.
Authors:  Okeda R, Nisihara M
Journal: Neuropathology

PubmedSyncytial coupling of neurons in tissue culture and early ontogenesis.
Authors:  Sotnikov OS, Malashko VV, Rybakova GI
Journal: Neurosci Behav Physiol

PubmedHigh resolution X-ray phase contrast synchrotron imaging of normal and ligation damaged rat sciatic nerves.
Authors:  Kim BI, Kim KH, Youn HS, Jheon S, Kim JK, Kim H
Journal: Microsc Res Tech

PubmedSynapse involvement of the dorsal horn in experimental lumbar nerve root compression: a light and electron microscopic study.
Authors:  Kobayashi S, Uchida K, Kokubo Y, Takeno K, Yayama T, Miyazaki T, Nakajima H, Nomura E, Mwaka E, Baba H
Journal: Spine

PubmedSchwann cell proliferation during Wallerian degeneration is not necessary for regeneration and remyelination of the peripheral nerves: axon-dependent removal of newly generated Schwann cells by apoptosis.
Authors:  Yang DP, Zhang DP, Mak KS, Bonder DE, Pomeroy SL, Kim HA
Journal: Mol Cell Neurosci

PubmedSoluble complement receptor 1 protects the peripheral nerve from early axon loss after injury.
Authors:  Ramaglia V, Wolterman R, de Kok M, Vigar MA, Wagenaar-Bos I, King RH, Morgan BP, Baas F
Journal: Am J Pathol

PubmedAutosomal dominant sensory ataxia: a neuroaxonal dystrophy.
Authors:  Moeller JJ, Macaulay RJ, Valdmanis PN, Weston LE, Rouleau GA, Dupré N
Journal: Acta Neuropathol

PubmedChanges in excitability properties associated with axonal regeneration in human neuropathy and mouse Wallerian degeneration.
Authors:  Sawai S, Kanai K, Nakata M, Hiraga A, Misawa S, Isose S, Hattori T, Kuwabara S
Journal: Clin Neurophysiol

PubmedRetrograde Wallerian degeneration of cranial corticospinal tracts in cervical spinal cord injury patients using diffusion tensor imaging.
Authors:  Guleria S, Gupta RK, Saksena S, Chandra A, Srivastava RN, Husain M, Rathore R, Narayana PA
Journal: J Neurosci Res

PubmedNeurogenic bladder due to hypoxic-ischemic demyelination.
Authors:  Ramchandren S, Liebeskind DS
Journal: J Neuroimaging

PubmedReduction in memory in passive avoidance learning, exploratory behaviour and synaptic plasticity in mice with a spontaneous deletion in the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 gene.
Authors:  Sakurai M, Sekiguchi M, Zushida K, Yamada K, Nagamine S, Kabuta T, Wada K
Journal: Eur J Neurosci

PubmedTeaching NeuroImage: Cervical cord atrophy with dorsal root ganglionopathy in Sjögren syndrome.
Authors:  Lin CC, Chiu MJ
Journal: Neurology

PubmedSystemic inflammation switches the inflammatory cytokine profile in CNS Wallerian degeneration.
Authors:  Palin K, Cunningham C, Forse P, Perry VH, Platt N
Journal: Neurobiol Dis

PubmedLongitudinal investigations on the anterograde and retrograde degeneration in the pyramidal tract following pontine infarction with diffusion tensor imaging.
Authors:  Liang Z, Zeng J, Zhang C, Liu S, Ling X, Xu A, Ling L, Wang F, Pei Z
Journal: Cerebrovasc Dis

PubmedContuse lesion of the rat spinal cord of moderate intensity leads to a higher time-dependent secondary neurodegeneration than severe one. An open-window for experimental neuroprotective interventions.
Authors:  Andrade MS, Hanania FR, Daci K, Leme RJ, Chadi G
Journal: Tissue Cell

PubmedPostnatal Schwann cell proliferation but not myelination is strictly and uniquely dependent on cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (cdk4).
Authors:  Atanasoski S, Boentert M, De Ventura L, Pohl H, Baranek C, Beier K, Young P, Barbacid M, Suter U
Journal: Mol Cell Neurosci

PubmedNerve allograft transplantation: a review.
Authors:  Siemionow M, Sonmez E
Journal: J Reconstr Microsurg

PubmedEvolving Wallerian degeneration after transient retinal ischemia in mice characterized by diffusion tensor imaging.
Authors:  Sun SW, Liang HF, Cross AH, Song SK
Journal: Neuroimage

PubmedAxons of retinal ganglion cells are insulted in the optic nerve early in DBA/2J glaucoma.
Authors:  Howell GR, Libby RT, Jakobs TC, Smith RS, Phalan FC, Barter JW, Barbay JM, Marchant JK, Mahesh N, Porciatti V, Whitmore AV, Masland RH, John SW
Journal: J Cell Biol

Pubmed[In vivo characterization of sonic hedgehog in the peripheral nerve regeneration]
Authors:  Akazawa C, Kohsaka S
Journal: Brain Nerve

PubmedPhagocytes of the transected feline optic nerve: an ultrastructural study.
Authors:  Chew S
Journal: J Electron Microsc (Tokyo)

PubmedGJA12 mutations are a rare cause of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease.
Authors:  Henneke M, Combes P, Diekmann S, Bertini E, Brockmann K, Burlina AP, Kaiser J, Ohlenbusch A, Plecko B, Rodriguez D, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Gärtner J
Journal: Neurology

PubmedPositive and negative implications of tumor necrosis factor neutralization for the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
Authors:  Taoufik E, Tseveleki V, Euagelidou M, Emmanouil M, Voulgari-Kokota A, Haralambous S, Probert L
Journal: Neurodegener Dis

PubmedComparison of cytokine expression profile during Wallerian degeneration of myelinated and unmyelinated peripheral axons.
Authors:  Cheepudomwit T, Güzelsu E, Zhou C, Griffin JW, Höke A
Journal: Neurosci Lett

PubmedGadofluorine M-enhanced magnetic resonance nerve imaging: comparison between acute inflammatory and chronic degenerative demyelination in rats.
Authors:  Wessig C, Jestaedt L, Sereda MW, Bendszus M, Stoll G
Journal: Exp Neurol

PubmedCalpain-mediated cleavage of collapsin response mediator protein(CRMP)-2 during neurite degeneration in mice.
Authors:  Touma E, Kato S, Fukui K, Koike T
Journal: Eur J Neurosci

PubmedRole of immunity in recovery from a peripheral nerve injury.
Authors:  Sanders VM, Jones KJ
Journal: J Neuroimmune Pharmacol

PubmedTGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 expression after traumatic human spinal cord injury.
Authors:  Buss A, Pech K, Kakulas BA, Martin D, Schoenen J, Noth J, Brook GA
Journal: Spinal Cord

PubmedAxon & dendrite degeneration: its mechanisms and protective experimental paradigms.
Authors:  Koike T, Yang Y, Suzuki K, Zheng X
Journal: Neurochem Int

PubmedPrion propagation in a nerve conduit model containing segments devoid of axons.
Authors:  Kratzel C, Krüger D, Beekes M
Journal: J Gen Virol

PubmedPoststroke cerebral peduncular atrophy correlates with a measure of corticospinal tract injury in the cerebral hemisphere.
Authors:  Mark VW, Taub E, Perkins C, Gauthier LV, Uswatte G, Ogorek J
Journal: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

PubmedHyperglycaemia inhibits Schwann cell proliferation and migration and restricts regeneration of axons and Schwann cells from adult murine DRG.
Authors:  Gumy LF, Bampton ET, Tolkovsky AM
Journal: Mol Cell Neurosci

PubmedToll-like receptor signaling is critical for Wallerian degeneration and functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury.
Authors:  Boivin A, Pineau I, Barrette B, Filali M, Valličres N, Rivest S, Lacroix S
Journal: J Neurosci

PubmedDesign of a novel quantitative PCR (QPCR)-based protocol for genotyping mice carrying the neuroprotective Wallerian degeneration slow (Wlds) gene.
Authors:  Wishart TM, Macdonald SH, Chen PE, Shipston MJ, Coleman MP, Gillingwater TH, Ribchester RR
Journal: Mol Neurodegener

PubmedMorphology and morphometry in chronic spinal cord injury assessed using diffusion tensor imaging and fuzzy logic.
Authors:  Ellingson BM, Ulmer JL, Prost RW, Schmit BD
Journal: Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc

PubmedIncreased invasion of ED-1 positive macrophages in both ipsi- and contralateral dorsal root ganglia following unilateral nerve injuries.
Authors:  Dubový P, Tucková L, Jancálek R, Svízenská I, Klusáková I
Journal: Neurosci Lett

PubmedDiffusion tensor imaging in patients with essential tremor.
Authors:  Shin DH, Han BS, Kim HS, Lee PH
Journal: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

PubmedWallerian degeneration of the corticospinal tract in a middle cerebral artery infarction.
Authors:  Fleck JD, Azzarelli B, Biller J
Journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis

PubmedPatients with capsular infarct and Wallerian degeneration show persistent regional premotor cortex activation on functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Authors:  Miyai I, Suzuki T, Mikami A, Kubota K, Volpe BT
Journal: J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis

PubmedMultiple system atrophy (MSA) with massive macrophage infiltration in the ponto-cerebellar afferent system.
Authors:  Yokoyama T, Hasegawa K, Horiuchi E, Yagishita S
Journal: Neuropathology

PubmedDevelopment of a cell transducible RhoA inhibitor TAT-C3 transferase and its encapsulation in biocompatible microspheres to promote survival and enhance regeneration of severed neurons.
Authors:  Tan EY, Law JW, Wang CH, Lee AY
Journal: Pharm Res

PubmedDenervation of skin in neuropathies: the sequence of axonal and Schwann cell changes in skin biopsies.
Authors:  Ebenezer GJ, McArthur JC, Thomas D, Murinson B, Hauer P, Polydefkis M, Griffin JW
Journal: Brain

PubmedDynamic remodelling of synapses can occur in the absence of the parent cell body.
Authors:  Bettini NL, Moores TS, Baxter B, Deuchars J, Parson SH
Journal: BMC Neurosci

PubmedLocal tissue reactions after nerve repair with ethyl-cyanoacrylate compared with epineural sutures.
Authors:  Landegren T, Risling M, Persson JK
Journal: Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg

PubmedCCL5 and CCR5 genotypes modify clinical, radiological and pathological features of multiple sclerosis.
Authors:  van Veen T, Nielsen J, Berkhof J, Barkhof F, Kamphorst W, Bö L, Ravid R, Verweij CL, Huitinga I, Polman CH, Uitdehaag BM
Journal: J Neuroimmunol

PubmedDistinct types of microglial activation in white and grey matter of rat lumbosacral cord after mid-thoracic spinal transection.
Authors:  McKay SM, Brooks DJ, Hu P, McLachlan EM
Journal: J Neuropathol Exp Neurol

PubmedThe morbidity and outcome of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome admitted to the intensive care unit.
Authors:  Dhar R, Stitt L, Hahn AF
Journal: J Neurol Sci

PubmedProminent brain axonal damage and functional reorganization in "pure" adrenomyeloneuropathy.
Authors:  Marino S, De Luca M, Dotti MT, Stromillo ML, Formichi P, Galluzzi P, Mondelli M, Bramanti P, Federico A, De Stefano N
Journal: Neurology

PubmedLack of adrenoleukodystrophy protein enhances oligodendrocyte disturbance and microglia activation in mice with combined Abcd1/Mag deficiency.
Authors:  Dumser M, Bauer J, Lassmann H, Berger J, Forss-Petter S
Journal: Acta Neuropathol

PubmedPD-L1 (B7-H1) regulation in zones of axonal degeneration.
Authors:  Lipp M, Brandt C, Dehghani F, Kwidzinski E, Bechmann I
Journal: Neurosci Lett

PubmedTargeting inflammatory demyelinating lesions to sites of Wallerian degeneration.
Authors:  Tsunoda I, Tanaka T, Saijoh Y, Fujinami RS
Journal: Am J Pathol

PubmedMechanisms of axon degeneration: from development to disease.
Authors:  Saxena S, Caroni P
Journal: Prog Neurobiol

PubmedChanges in mRNA for CAPON and Dexras1 in adult rat following sciatic nerve transection.
Authors:  Shen A, Chen M, Niu S, Sun L, Gao S, Shi S, Li X, Lv Q, Guo Z, Cheng C
Journal: J Chem Neuroanat

PubmedTime course of preferential motor unit loss in the SOD1 G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors:  Hegedus J, Putman CT, Gordon T
Journal: Neurobiol Dis

PubmedRho kinase inhibitor improves motor dysfunction and hypoalgesia in a rat model of lumbar spinal canal stenosis.
Authors:  Ito T, Ohtori S, Hata K, Inoue G, Moriya H, Takahashi K, Yamashita T
Journal: Spine

PubmedSmall-fiber involvement in spinobulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy's disease).
Authors:  Manganelli F, Iodice V, Provitera V, Pisciotta C, Nolano M, Perretti A, Santoro L
Journal: Muscle Nerve

PubmedSpinal cord injury-induced expression of the antiangiogenic endostatin/collagen XVIII in areas of vascular remodelling.
Authors:  Mueller CA, Conrad S, Schluesener HJ, Pietsch T, Schwab JM
Journal: J Neurosurg Spine

PubmedAntibodies against light neurofilaments in multiple sclerosis patients.
Authors:  Bartos A, Fialová L, Soukupová J, Kukal J, Malbohan I, Pitha J
Journal: Acta Neurol Scand

PubmedChemotherapy-evoked neuropathic pain: Abnormal spontaneous discharge in A-fiber and C-fiber primary afferent neurons and its suppression by acetyl-L-carnitine.
Authors:  Xiao WH, Bennett GJ
Journal: Pain

PubmedInhibiting effect of minocycline on the regeneration of peripheral nerves.
Authors:  Keilhoff G, Langnaese K, Wolf G, Fansa H
Journal: Dev Neurobiol

PubmedThe membrane attack complex of the complement system is essential for rapid Wallerian degeneration.
Authors:  Ramaglia V, King RH, Nourallah M, Wolterman R, de Jonge R, Ramkema M, Vigar MA, van der Wetering S, Morgan BP, Troost D, Baas F
Journal: J Neurosci

PubmedThe relationship between white matter brain metabolites and cognition in normal aging: the GENIE study.
Authors:  Charlton RA, McIntyre DJ, Howe FA, Morris RG, Markus HS
Journal: Brain Res

PubmedNeuropsin promotes oligodendrocyte death, demyelination and axonal degeneration after spinal cord injury.
Authors:  Terayama R, Bando Y, Murakami K, Kato K, Kishibe M, Yoshida S
Journal: Neuroscience

PubmedThe mRNA of transferrin is expressed in Schwann cells during their maturation and after nerve injury.
Authors:  Salis C, Setton CP, Soto EF, Pasquini JM
Journal: Exp Neurol

PubmedExtent of nerve cell injury in Marmarou's model compared to other brain trauma models.
Authors:  Rafols JA, Morgan R, Kallakuri S, Kreipke CW
Journal: Neurol Res

PubmedWallerian degeneration of the corticospinal tracts: postmortem MR-pathologic correlations.
Authors:  Matsusue E, Sugihara S, Fujii S, Kinoshita T, Ohama E, Ogawa T
Journal: Acta Radiol

PubmedAugustus Waller and the case of the disappearing axon.
Authors:  Griffin JW
Journal: Nat Clin Pract Neurol

PubmedSpinal pathways involved in the control of forelimb motor function in rats.
Authors:  Anderson KD, Gunawan A, Steward O
Journal: Exp Neurol

PubmedCalpain inhibitor MDL-28170 reduces the functional and structural deterioration of corpus callosum following fluid percussion injury.
Authors:  Ai J, Liu E, Wang J, Chen Y, Yu J, Baker AJ
Journal: J Neurotrauma

PubmedWallerian-like degeneration after ischemic stroke revealed by diffusion--weighted imaging.
Authors:  Sylaja RN, Goyal M, Watson T, Hill MD
Journal: Can J Neurol Sci

PubmedContribution of calcium channel subtypes to the intracellular calcium signal in sensory neurons: the effect of injury.
Authors:  Fuchs A, Rigaud M, Sarantopoulos CD, Filip P, Hogan QH
Journal: Anesthesiology

PubmedPainful nerve injury shortens the intracellular Ca2+ signal in axotomized sensory neurons of rats.
Authors:  Fuchs A, Rigaud M, Hogan QH
Journal: Anesthesiology

Pubmed[Wallerian degeneration after stroke: a new prognostic factor?]
Authors:  Soares-Fernandes J, Beleza P, Ribeiro M, Maré R, Almeida F, Rocha J
Journal: Acta Med Port

Pubmed[Syncytial coupling of neurons in tissue culture and in early ontogenesis]
Authors:  Sotnikov OS, Malashko VV, Rybakova GI
Journal: Morfologiia

PubmedMammalian Sir2-related protein (SIRT) 2-mediated modulation of resistance to axonal degeneration in slow Wallerian degeneration mice: a crucial role of tubulin deacetylation.
Authors:  Suzuki K, Koike T
Journal: Neuroscience

PubmedResveratrol abolishes resistance to axonal degeneration in slow Wallerian degeneration (WldS) mice: activation of SIRT2, an NAD-dependent tubulin deacetylase.
Authors:  Suzuki K, Koike T
Journal: Biochem Biophys Res Commun

PubmedNeuroimaging in multiple sclerosis.
Authors:  Zivadinov R, Cox JL
Journal: Int Rev Neurobiol

PubmedLongitudinal changes in global brain volume between 79 and 409 days after traumatic brain injury: relationship with duration of coma.
Authors:  Trivedi MA, Ward MA, Hess TM, Gale SD, Dempsey RJ, Rowley HA, Johnson SC
Journal: J Neurotrauma

PubmedBilateral white matter diffusion changes persist after epilepsy surgery.
Authors:  Concha L, Beaulieu C, Wheatley BM, Gross DW
Journal: Epilepsia

PubmedWallerian degeneration of the corticofugal tracts in chronic stroke: a pilot study relating diffusion tensor imaging, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and hand function.
Authors:  Lindberg PG, Skejř PH, Rounis E, Nagy Z, Schmitz C, Wernegren H, Bring A, Engardt M, Forssberg H, Borg J
Journal: Neurorehabil Neural Repair

PubmedWhy is Wallerian degeneration in the CNS so slow?
Authors:  Vargas ME, Barres BA
Journal: Annu Rev Neurosci

PubmedEnhanced visualization of axonopathy in EAE using thy1-YFP transgenic mice.
Authors:  Bannerman PG, Hahn A
Journal: J Neurol Sci

PubmedAmyloid fibrils of mammalian prion protein induce axonal degeneration in NTERA2-derived terminally differentiated neurons.
Authors:  Novitskaya V, Makarava N, Sylvester I, Bronstein IB, Baskakov IV
Journal: J Neurochem

PubmedDifferential proteomics analysis of synaptic proteins identifies potential cellular targets and protein mediators of synaptic neuroprotection conferred by the slow Wallerian degeneration (Wlds) gene.
Authors:  Wishart TM, Paterson JM, Short DM, Meredith S, Robertson KA, Sutherland C, Cousin MA, Dutia MB, Gillingwater TH
Journal: Mol Cell Proteomics

PubmedEarly effects of neuropathy-inducing organophosphates on in vivo concentrations of three neurotrophins.
Authors:  Pomeroy-Black MJ, Jortner BS, Ehrich MF
Journal: Neurotox Res

PubmedThe neuroprotective effects of the WldS gene are correlated with proteasome expression rather than apoptosis.
Authors:  Simonin Y, Ferrer-Alcon M, Ferri A, Kato AC
Journal: Eur J Neurosci

PubmedHyperbaric oxygenation in peripheral nerve repair and regeneration.
Authors:  Sanchez EC
Journal: Neurol Res

PubmedCompressive cervical myelopathy in young Texel and Beltex sheep.
Authors:  Penny C, Macrae A, Hagen R, Hahn C, Sargison N, Scott P, Smith S, Wilson D, Mayhew J
Journal: J Vet Intern Med

PubmedCorrelation of diffusion tensor and dynamic perfusion MR imaging metrics in normal-appearing corpus callosum: support for primary hypoperfusion in multiple sclerosis.
Authors:  Saindane AM, Law M, Ge Y, Johnson G, Babb JS, Grossman RI
Journal: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

PubmedThe effect of low-dose insulin on mechanical sensitivity and allodynia in type I diabetes neuropathy.
Authors:  Hoybergs YM, Meert TF
Journal: Neurosci Lett

PubmedOrigin of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: review of the literature.
Authors:  Kos D, Kerckhofs E, Nagels G, D'hooghe MB, Ilsbroukx S
Journal: Neurorehabil Neural Repair

PubmedAxonal involvement in the Wlds neuroprotective effect: analysis of pure motoneurons in a mouse model protected from motor neuron disease at a pre-symptomatic age.
Authors:  Simonin Y, Perrin FE, Kato AC
Journal: J Neurochem

PubmedSIRT1 and neuronal diseases.
Authors:  Tang BL, Chua CE
Journal: Mol Aspects Med

PubmedRecognition of C-terminal amino acids in tubulin by pore loops in Spastin is important for microtubule severing.
Authors:  White SR, Evans KJ, Lary J, Cole JL, Lauring B
Journal: J Cell Biol

PubmedNogo-A is involved in secondary axonal degeneration of thalamus in hypertensive rats with focal cortical infarction.
Authors:  Wang F, Liang Z, Hou Q, Xing S, Ling L, He M, Pei Z, Zeng J
Journal: Neurosci Lett

PubmedAssessing "occult" cervical cord damage in patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus using diffusion tensor MRI.
Authors:  Benedetti B, Rovaris M, Judica E, Donadoni G, Ciboddo G, Filippi M
Journal: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry

PubmedAcupuncture treatment improves nerve conduction in peripheral neuropathy.
Authors:  Schröder S, Liepert J, Remppis A, Greten JH
Journal: Eur J Neurol

PubmedVentricular cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament protein levels decrease in parallel with white matter pathology after shunt surgery in normal pressure hydrocephalus.
Authors:  Tullberg M, Blennow K, Mĺnsson JE, Fredman P, Tisell M, Wikkelsö C
Journal: Eur J Neurol





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