dental implants - Medical Dictionary

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dental implants		Biocompatible materials placed into (endosseous) or onto (subperiosteal) the jawbone to support a crown, bridge, or artificial tooth, or to stabilize a diseased tooth. [ Articles \| Books \| Images \| Discussion groups ]

Additional comments : (Dental Surgical Prosthesis, Dental Implant, Dental Prostheses) Free Full Text Effects of diabetes on the osseointegration of dental implants The increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus has become a public health problem. Hyperglycaemia entails a rise in the morbidity and mortality of these patients. Although a direct relationship with periodontal disease has already been shown, little is known about the results of dental implants in diabetics. The present paper reviews the bibliography linking the effect of diabetes on the osseointegration of implants and the healing of soft tissue. In experimental models of diabetes, a reduced level of bone-implant contact has been shown, and this can be reversed by means of treatment with insulin. Compared with the general population, a higher failure rate is seen in diabetic patients. Most of these occur during the first year of functional loading, seemingly pointing to the microvascular complications of this condition as a possible causal factor. These complications also compromise the healing of soft tissues. It is necessary to take certain special considerations into account for the placement of implants in diabetic patient. A good control of plasma glycaemia, together with other measures, has been shown to improve the percentages of implant survival in these patients. Prosthetically driven implant placement. How to achieve the appropriate implant site development (pdf) Dental implants are established alternatives for replacing missing teeth. Tooth loss for different reasons may leads to alveolar resorption. Shortage of bone can prevent proper positioning of dental implants according to prosthetic needs and treatment planning, unless the volume of hard and soft tissues is increased before implantation. In the esthetic area it is essential not only to achieve well-anchored implants but also sufficient soft and hard tissue in order to obtain natural looking result. This article will present several treatment modalities to augment the soft and hard tissues in order to obtain proper insertion of implants according to prosthetic needs and patient satisfaction. Oral Implants For the dental patient. Dental implants. An option for replacing missing teeth For the dental patient. Missing a tooth? A single-tooth implant may be for you Three-dimensional numerical simulation of dental implants as orthodontic anchorage Endosseous oral implants have been used as orthodontic anchorage in subjects with multiple tooth agenesis, and their application under orthodontic loading has been demonstrated clinically and experimentally. The aim of this investigation was to examine three-dimensional (3D) bone and implant finite element (FE) models. The first model assumed that there was no osseointegration and the second that full osseointegration had occurred. These models were used to determine the pattern and distribution of stresses within the ITI-Bonefit endosseous implant and its supporting tissues when used as an orthodontic anchorage unit. The study examined a threaded implant placed in an edentulous segment of a human mandible with cortical and cancellous bone.The results, using both models, indicated that the maximum stresses were always located around the neck of the implant, in the marginal bone. Thus, this area should be preserved clinically in order to maintain the bone-implant interface structurally and functionally. Masticatory function with implant-supported overdentures The type of attachment that is used in implant-supported mandibular overdentures may influence the retention and stability of the prosthesis and, thus, masticatory function. In this within-subject cross-over clinical trial, we examined the hypothesis that greater retention and stability of the overdenture improve the masticatory function. Eighteen edentulous subjects received 2 oral implants, a new overdenture, and, successively, 3 different suprastructure modalities: magnet, ball, and bar-clip. Masticatory performance, masticatory efficiency, and swallowing threshold were measured. The masticatory function significantly improved after implant treatment with each of the 3 attachments. We observed small differences in masticatory function among the 3 attachment types: slightly better masticatory performance with ball and bar-clip than with magnet attachments. The number of chewing cycles until swallowing hardly decreased after implant treatment. We conclude that significantly better masticatory performance, combined with a slightly smaller number of chewing cycles after implant treatment, results in smaller food particles being swallowed. Implantology and the severely resorbed edentulous mandible Patients with a severely resorbed edentulous mandible often suffer from problems with the lower denture. These problems include: insufficient retention of the lower denture, intolerance to loading by the mucosa, pain, difficulties with eating and speech, loss of soft-tissue support, and altered facial appearance. These problems are a challenge for the prosthodontist and surgeon. Dental implants have been shown to provide a reliable basis for fixed and removable prostheses. This has resulted in a drastic change in the treatment concepts for management of the severely resorbed edentulous mandible. Reconstructive, pre-prosthetic surgery has changed from surgery aimed to provide a sufficient osseous and mucosal support for a conventional denture into surgery aimed to provide a sufficient bone volume enabling implants to be placed at the most optimal positions from a prosthetic point of view. The aim of this paper is to review critically the literature on procedures related to the severely resorbed edentulous mandible and dental implant treatment. The study includes the transmandibular implant, (short) endosseous implants, and reconstructive procedures such as distraction osteogenesis, augmentation of the mandibular ridge with autogenous bone, and bone substitutes followed by the placement of implants. The number of patients participating in a study, the follow-up period, the design of the study, the degree of mandibular resorption, and the survival rate of the dental implants all are considered evaluation parameters. Although numerous studies have described the outcome results of dental implants in the edentulous mandible, there have been few prospective studies designed as randomized clinical trials that compare different treatment modalities to restore the severely resorbed mandible. Therefore, it is not yet possible to select an evidence-based treatment modality. Immediate implants after extraction. A review of the current situation Immediate implants are positioned in the course of surgical extraction of the tooth to be replaced. The percentage success of such procedures varies among authors from 92.7-98.0%. The main indication of immediate implantation is the replacement of teeth with pathologies not amenable to treatment. Its advantages with respect to delayed implantation include reduced post-extraction alveolar bone resorption, a shortening of the rehabilitation treatment time, and the avoidance of a second surgical intervention. The inconveniences in turn comprise a general requirement for membrane-guided bone regeneration techniques, with the associated risk of exposure and infection, and the need for mucogingival grafts to seal the socket space and/or cover the membranes. The surgical requirements for immediate implantation include extraction with the least trauma possible, preservation of the extraction socket walls and thorough alveolar curettage to eliminate all pathological material. Primary stability is an essential requirement, and is achieved with an implant exceeding the alveolar apex by 3-5 mm, or by placing an implant of greater diameter than the remnant alveolus. Esthetic emergence in the anterior zone is achieved by 1-3 mm sub-crest implantation. Regarding guided regeneration of the alveolar bone, the literature lacks consensus on the use of membranes and the type of filler material required.While primary wound closure is desirable, some authors do not consider it to be of great relevance. Understanding peri-implant endosseous healing If dental implantology is an increasingly successful treatment modality, why should we still need to understand the mechanisms of peri-implant bone healing? Are there differences in cortical and trabecular healing? What does "poor quality" bone mean? What stages of healing are most important? How do calcium phosphate-coated implants accelerate healing? What is the mechanism of bone bonding? While there are still many aspects of peri-implant healing that need to be elucidated, it is now possible to deconvolute this biological reaction cascade, both phenomenologically and experimentally, into three distinct phases that mirror the evolution of bone into an exquisite tissue capable of regeneration. The first and most important healing phase, osteoconduction, relies on the recruitment and migration of osteogenic cells to the implant surface, through the residue of the peri-implant blood clot. Among the most important aspects of osteoconduction are the knock-on effects generated at the implant surface, by the initiation of platelet activation, which result in directed osteogenic cell migration. The second healing phase, de novo bone formation, results in a mineralized interfacial matrix equivalent to that seen in the cement line in natural bone tissue. These two healing phases, osteoconduction and de novo bone formation, result in contact osteogenesis and, given an appropriate implant surface, bone bonding. The third healing phase, bone remodeling, relies on slower processes and is not considered here. This discussion paper argues that it is the very success of dental implants that is driving their increased use in ever more challenging clinical situations and that many of the most important steps in the peri-implant healing cascade are profoundly influenced by implant surface microtopography. By understanding what is important in peri-implant bone healing, we are now able to answer all the questions listed above.

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