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canthaxanthin A trans-carotenoid pigment widely distributed in nature. The compound is used as an oral suntanning agent and as a food and drug coloring agent. Oral ingestion of the compound causes canthaxanthin retinopathy.


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(Carophyll Red, Food Orange 8, Orobronze, Roxanthin Red)

Articles



PubmedA distinct ERCC1 haplotype is associated with mRNA expression levels in prostate cancer patients.
Authors:  Woelfelschneider A, Popanda O, Lilla C, Linseisen J, Mayer C, Celebi O, Debus J, Bartsch H, Chang-Claude J, Schmezer P
Journal: Carcinogenesis

Pubmed[Simultaneous determination of canthaxanthin and Sudan Red in salted duck egg yolk by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography]
Authors:  Wang Q, Shi P, Zhang S, Shen J, Fu X
Journal: Se Pu

PubmedEffect of culture conditions on canthaxanthin production by Dietzia natronolimnaea HS-1.
Authors:  Khodaiyan F, Razavi SH, Emam-Djomeh Z, Mousavi SM, Hejazi MA
Journal: J Microbiol Biotechnol

PubmedThe protective role of carotenoids against 7-keto-cholesterol formation in solution.
Authors:  Palozza P, Barone E, Mancuso C, Picci N
Journal: Mol Cell Biochem

PubmedNutritional enrichment of larval fish feed with thraustochytrid producing polyunsaturated fatty acids and xanthophylls.
Authors:  Yamasaki T, Aki T, Mori Y, Yamamoto T, Shinozaki M, Kawamoto S, Ono K
Journal: J Biosci Bioeng

PubmedFusion and molecular aspects of liposomal nanocarriers incorporated with isoprenoids.
Authors:  Nakagawa H, Shiina T, Sekino M, Kotani M, Ueno S
Journal: IEEE Trans Nanobioscience

PubmedFast, sensitive, and inexpensive alternative to analytical pigment HPLC: quantification of chlorophylls and carotenoids in crude extracts by fitting with Gauss peak spectra.
Authors:  Küpper H, Seibert S, Parameswaran A
Journal: Anal Chem

PubmedEffect of soybean phospholipids on canthaxanthin lipoproteins transport, digestibility, and deposition in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) muscle.
Authors:  Salvador AM, Alonso-Damián A, Choubert G, Milicua JC
Journal: J Agric Food Chem

PubmedUnique diversity of carotenoid-producing bacteria isolated from Misasa, a radioactive site in Japan.
Authors:  Asker D, Beppu T, Ueda K
Journal: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

Pubmed[Crystalline retinopathy]
Authors:  Rasquin F
Journal: Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol

PubmedOrganization of two-component monomolecular layers formed with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and the carotenoid pigment, canthaxanthin.
Authors:  Sujak A, Gagos M, Serra MD, Gruszecki WI
Journal: Mol Membr Biol

PubmedMetabolic engineering of novel ketocarotenoid production in carrot plants.
Authors:  Jayaraj J, Devlin R, Punja Z
Journal: Transgenic Res

Pubmedbeta-Carotene and canthaxanthin alter the pro-oxidation and antioxidation balance in rats fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet.
Authors:  Shih CK, Chang JH, Yang SH, Chou TW, Cheng HH
Journal: Br J Nutr

PubmedImprovement of a CrtO-type of beta-carotene ketolase for canthaxanthin production in Methylomonas sp.
Authors:  Tang XS, Shyr J, Tao L, Sedkova N, Cheng Q
Journal: Metab Eng

PubmedThe solubilisation pattern of lutein, zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin and beta-carotene differ characteristically in liposomes, liver microsomes and retinal epithelial cells.
Authors:  Shafaa MW, Diehl HA, Socaciu C
Journal: Biophys Chem

PubmedMetabolic engineering of ketocarotenoids biosynthesis in the unicelullar microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
Authors:  León R, Couso I, Fernández E
Journal: J Biotechnol

PubmedCharacterization of two beta-carotene ketolases, CrtO and CrtW, by complementation analysis in Escherichia coli.
Authors:  Choi SK, Harada H, Matsuda S, Misawa N
Journal: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

PubmedUnravelling the chemical basis of the bathochromic shift in the lobster carapace; new crystal structures of unbound astaxanthin, canthaxanthin and zeaxanthin.
Authors:  Bartalucci G, Coppin J, Fisher S, Hall G, Helliwell JR, Helliwell M, Liaaen-Jensen S
Journal: Acta Crystallogr B

PubmedFlower color alteration in Lotus japonicus by modification of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway.
Authors:  Suzuki S, Nishihara M, Nakatsuka T, Misawa N, Ogiwara I, Yamamura S
Journal: Plant Cell Rep

PubmedUse of transposon promoter-probe vectors in the metabolic engineering of the obligate methanotroph Methylomonas sp. strain 16a for enhanced C40 carotenoid synthesis.
Authors:  Sharpe PL, Dicosimo D, Bosak MD, Knoke K, Tao L, Cheng Q, Ye RW
Journal: Appl Environ Microbiol

PubmedTissue distribution of astaxanthin in rats following exposure to graded levels in the feed.
Authors:  Petri D, Lundebye AK
Journal: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol

PubmedConstruction of the astaxanthin biosynthetic pathway in a methanotrophic bacterium Methylomonas sp. strain 16a.
Authors:  Ye RW, Yao H, Stead K, Wang T, Tao L, Cheng Q, Sharpe PL, Suh W, Nagel E, Arcilla D, Dragotta D, Miller ES
Journal: J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol

PubmedMajor carotenoid isolated from Paracoccus schoinia NBRC 100637T is adonixanthin diglucoside.
Authors:  Takaichi S, Maoka T, Akimoto N, Khan ST, Harayama S
Journal: J Nat Prod

PubmedStudies of carotenoid one-electron reduction radicals.
Authors:  Edge R, El-Agamey A, Land EJ, Navaratnam S, George Truscott T
Journal: Arch Biochem Biophys

PubmedCritical assessment of various techniques for the extraction of carotenoids and co-enzyme Q10 from the Thraustochytrid strain ONC-T18.
Authors:  Armenta RE, Burja A, Radianingtyas H, Barrow CJ
Journal: J Agric Food Chem

PubmedBayesian semiparametric dynamic frailty models for multiple event time data.
Authors:  Pennell ML, Dunson DB
Journal: Biometrics

PubmedThermotropic phase behaviour of lipid bilayers containing carotenoid pigment canthaxanthin: a differential scanning calorimetry study.
Authors:  Sujak A, Strza?ka K, Gruszecki WI
Journal: Chem Phys Lipids

PubmedGenes from a Dietzia sp. for synthesis of C40 and C50 beta-cyclic carotenoids.
Authors:  Tao L, Yao H, Cheng Q
Journal: Gene

PubmedSolvent effects on the S0(1(1)Ag-) --> S2(1(1)Bu+) transition of beta-carotene, echinenone, canthaxanthin, and astaxanthin in supercritical CO2 and CF3H.
Authors:  Chen Z, Lee C, Lenzer T, Oum K
Journal: J Phys Chem A

PubmedMutational and functional analysis of the beta-carotene ketolase involved in the production of canthaxanthin and astaxanthin.
Authors:  Ye RW, Stead KJ, Yao H, He H
Journal: Appl Environ Microbiol

PubmedCarotenoid radical anions and their protonated derivatives.
Authors:  El-Agamey A, Edge R, Navaratnam S, Land EJ, Truscott TG
Journal: Org Lett

PubmedEngineering a beta-carotene ketolase for astaxanthin production.
Authors:  Tao L, Wilczek J, Odom JM, Cheng Q
Journal: Metab Eng

PubmedAssociation of carotenoids, tocopherols and vitamin C in plasma with allergic rhinitis and allergic sensitisation in adults.
Authors:  Kompauer I, Heinrich J, Wolfram G, Linseisen J
Journal: Public Health Nutr

PubmedA carotenoid synthesis gene cluster from a non-marine Brevundimonas that synthesizes hydroxylated astaxanthin.
Authors:  Tao L, Rouvière PE, Cheng Q
Journal: Gene

PubmedAssociation of abdominal obesity with decreased serum levels of carotenoids in a healthy Japanese population.
Authors:  Suzuki K, Inoue T, Hioki R, Ochiai J, Kusuhara Y, Ichino N, Osakabe K, Hamajima N, Ito Y
Journal: Clin Nutr

PubmedAntioxidant and redox properties of supramolecular complexes of carotenoids with beta-glycyrrhizic acid.
Authors:  Polyakov NE, Leshina TV, Salakhutdinov NF, Konovalova TA, Kispert LD
Journal: Free Radic Biol Med

PubmedAstaxanthin binding protein in Atlantic salmon.
Authors:  Matthews SJ, Ross NW, Lall SP, Gill TA
Journal: Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol

PubmedIsolation and characterization of polyunsaturated fatty acid producing Thraustochytrium species: screening of strains and optimization of omega-3 production.
Authors:  Burja AM, Radianingtyas H, Windust A, Barrow CJ
Journal: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

PubmedCharacterization of bacterial beta-carotene 3,3'-hydroxylases, CrtZ, and P450 in astaxanthin biosynthetic pathway and adonirubin production by gene combination in Escherichia coli.
Authors:  Choi SK, Matsuda S, Hoshino T, Peng X, Misawa N
Journal: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

PubmedIsolation and purification of canthaxanthin from the microalga Chlorella zofingiensis by high-speed counter-current chromatography.
Authors:  Hua-Bin L, Fan KW, Chen F
Journal: J Sep Sci

PubmedUltrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography of canthaxanthine retinal crystals.
Authors:  Chan A, Ko TH, Duker JS
Journal: Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging

PubmedSinglet oxygen quenching by thione analogues of canthaxanthin, echinenone and rhodoxanthin.
Authors:  Mohamad SB, Yousef YA, Melø TB, Jávorfi T, Partali V, Sliwka HR, Razi Naqvi K
Journal: J Photochem Photobiol B

PubmedXanthophylls in commercial egg yolks: quantification and identification by HPLC and LC-(APCI)MS using a C30 phase.
Authors:  Schlatterer J, Breithaupt DE
Journal: J Agric Food Chem

PubmedProposal of a method for the genetic transformation of Gordonia jacobaea.
Authors:  Veiga-Crespo P, Feijoo-Siota L, de Miguel T, Poza M, Villa TG
Journal: J Appl Microbiol

PubmedThe crtS gene of Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous encodes a novel cytochrome-P450 hydroxylase involved in the conversion of beta-carotene into astaxanthin and other xanthophylls.
Authors:  Alvarez V, Rodríguez-Sáiz M, de la Fuente JL, Gudiña EJ, Godio RP, Martín JF, Barredo JL
Journal: Fungal Genet Biol

PubmedTissue astaxanthin and canthaxanthin distribution in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
Authors:  Page GI, Davies SJ
Journal: Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol

PubmedPresence of free myxol and 4-hydroxymyxol and absence of myxol glycosides in Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413, and proposal of a biosynthetic pathway of carotenoids.
Authors:  Takaichi S, Mochimaru M, Maoka T
Journal: Plant Cell Physiol

PubmedSynthetic carotenoid derivatives prevent photosensitised killing of retinal pigment epithelial cells more effectively than lutein.
Authors:  Kanofsky JR, Sima PD
Journal: Exp Eye Res

PubmedAstaxanthin diminishes gap junctional intercellular communication in primary human fibroblasts.
Authors:  Daubrawa F, Sies H, Stahl W
Journal: J Nutr

PubmedCharacteristics of chlorophyll formation of the aerial microalga Coelastrella striolata var. multistriata and its application for environmental biomonitoring.
Authors:  Abe K, Takizawa H, Kimura S, Hirano M
Journal: J Biosci Bioeng

PubmedLipids of Haloferax alexandrinus strain TM(T): an extremely halophilic canthaxanthin-producing archaeon.
Authors:  Asker D, Awad T, Ohta Y
Journal: J Biosci Bioeng

PubmedApplication of a complete factorial design for the production of zeaxanthin by Flavobacterium sp.
Authors:  Masetto A, Flores-Cotera LB, Díaz C, Langley E, Sanchez S
Journal: J Biosci Bioeng

PubmedProduction of canthaxanthin by extremely halophilic bacteria.
Authors:  Asker D, Ohta Y
Journal: J Biosci Bioeng

PubmedIsolation and characterization of a carotenoid oxygenase gene from Chlorella zofingiensis (Chlorophyta).
Authors:  Huang JC, Wang Y, Sandmann G, Chen F
Journal: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

PubmedDietary carotenoid pigment supplementation influences hepatic lipid and mucopolysaccharide levels in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
Authors:  Page GI, Russell PM, Davies SJ
Journal: Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol

PubmedUltrafast transient lens spectroscopy of various C40 carotenoids: lycopene, beta-carotene, (3R,3'R)-zeaxanthin, (3R,3'R,6'R)-lutein, echinenone, canthaxanthin, and astaxanthin.
Authors:  Kopczynski M, Lenzer T, Oum K, Seehusen J, Seidel MT, Ushakov VG
Journal: Phys Chem Chem Phys

PubmedRelationship of retinoid and carotenoid metabolism with caecotrophy in rabbits.
Authors:  Kertin A, Bárdos L, Deli J, Oláh P
Journal: Acta Vet Hung

PubmedElucidation of a carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster encoding a novel enzyme, 2,2'-beta-hydroxylase, from Brevundimonas sp. strain SD212 and combinatorial biosynthesis of new or rare xanthophylls.
Authors:  Nishida Y, Adachi K, Kasai H, Shizuri Y, Shindo K, Sawabe A, Komemushi S, Miki W, Misawa N
Journal: Appl Environ Microbiol

PubmedEvaluation of activity of selected antioxidants on proteins in solution and in emulsions.
Authors:  Baron CP, Berner L, Skibsted LH, Refsgaard HH
Journal: Free Radic Res

PubmedMicrobial xanthophylls.
Authors:  Bhosale P, Bernstein PS
Journal: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

PubmedStudies on canthaxanthin in lipid membranes.
Authors:  Sujak A, Gabrielska J, Milanowska J, Mazurek P, Strza?ka K, Gruszecki WI
Journal: Biochim Biophys Acta

PubmedInfluence of culture conditions of Gordonia jacobaea MV-26 on canthaxanthin production.
Authors:  Veiga-Crespo P, Blasco L, Rosa-Dos-Santos F, Poza M, Villa TG
Journal: Int Microbiol

PubmedEfficient syntheses of the keto-carotenoids canthaxanthin, astaxanthin, and astacene.
Authors:  Choi S, Koo S
Journal: J Org Chem

Pubmed[Simultaneous determination of five carotenoids in tomato by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography]
Authors:  Wang Q, Han Y, Dai Y, Saishi H
Journal: Se Pu

PubmedMyxol and 4-ketomyxol 2'-fucosides, not rhamnosides, from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 and Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102, and proposal for the biosynthetic pathway of carotenoids.
Authors:  Takaichi S, Mochimaru M, Maoka T, Katoh H
Journal: Plant Cell Physiol

PubmedSkin pigmentation evaluation in broilers fed natural and synthetic pigments.
Authors:  Castañeda MP, Hirschler EM, Sams AR
Journal: Poult Sci

PubmedDetermination of carotenoids and all-trans-retinol in fish eggs by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.
Authors:  Li H, Tyndale ST, Heath DD, Letcher RJ
Journal: J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci

PubmedStructural requirements for efficient cellular photoprotection by carotenoid derivatives.
Authors:  Kanofsky JR, Sima PD
Journal: Photochem Photobiol

PubmedEffects of LDL-immunoapheresis on plasma concentrations of vitamin E and carotenoids in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.
Authors:  Cauza E, Jansen M, Resch U, Dunky A, Derfler K, Winklhofer-Roob BM, Kostner K
Journal: J Clin Apher

PubmedNovel beta-carotene ketolases from non-photosynthetic bacteria for canthaxanthin synthesis.
Authors:  Tao L, Cheng Q
Journal: Mol Genet Genomics

PubmedMonomeric C18 chromatographic method for the liquid chromatographic determination of lipophilic antioxidants in plants.
Authors:  Lee BL, Su J, Ong CN
Journal: J Chromatogr A

PubmedCarotenoid radical cations and dications: EPR, optical, and electrochemical studies.
Authors:  Kispert LD, Konovalova T, Gao Y
Journal: Arch Biochem Biophys

PubmedMetabolic engineering of ketocarotenoid formation in higher plants.
Authors:  Ralley L, Enfissi EM, Misawa N, Schuch W, Bramley PM, Fraser PD
Journal: Plant J

PubmedCloning of two carotenoid ketolase genes from Nostoc punctiforme for the heterologous production of canthaxanthin and astaxanthin.
Authors:  Steiger S, Sandmann G
Journal: Biotechnol Lett

PubmedCarotenoid and lipid content in muscle of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, transferred to seawater as 0+ or 1+ smolts.
Authors:  Ytrestøyl T, Coral-Hinostroza G, Hatlen B, Robb DH, Bjerkeng B
Journal: Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol

PubmedUse of Tween 40 and Tween 80 to deliver a mixture of phytochemicals to human colonic adenocarcinoma cell (CaCo-2) monolayers.
Authors:  O'Sullivan SM, Woods JA, O'Brien NM
Journal: Br J Nutr

PubmedRapid quantification of carotenoids and fat in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) by Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics.
Authors:  Wold JP, Marquardt BJ, Dable BK, Robb D, Hatlen B
Journal: Appl Spectrosc

PubmedDon't be in the dark about tanning.
Authors:  Meadows M
Journal: FDA Consum

PubmedProtonated canthaxanthins as models for blue carotenoproteins.
Authors:  Kildahl-Andersen G, Lutnaes BF, Liaaen-Jensen S
Journal: Org Biomol Chem

PubmedTwo distinct crt gene clusters for two different functional classes of carotenoid in Bradyrhizobium.
Authors:  Giraud E, Hannibal L, Fardoux J, Jaubert M, Jourand P, Dreyfus B, Sturgis JN, Verméglio A
Journal: J Biol Chem

PubmedCarotenoid action on the immune response.
Authors:  Chew BP, Park JS
Journal: J Nutr

PubmedResponse of desert biological soil crusts to alterations in precipitation frequency.
Authors:  Belnap J, Phillips SL, Miller ME
Journal: Oecologia

PubmedSynthesis of ketocarotenoids in the seed of Arabidopsis thaliana.
Authors:  Stålberg K, Lindgren O, Ek B, Höglund AS
Journal: Plant J

PubmedSimultaneous determination of tocotrienols, tocopherols, retinol, and major carotenoids in human plasma.
Authors:  Lee BL, New AL, Ong CN
Journal: Clin Chem

PubmedDetermination of carotenoid and vitamin A concentrations in everted salmonid intestine following exposure to solutions of carotenoid in vitro.
Authors:  White DA, Ørnsrud R, Davies SJ
Journal: Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol

PubmedEffect of canthaxanthin content of the maternal diet on the antioxidant system of the developing chick.
Authors:  Surai AP, Surai PF, Steinberg W, Wakeman WG, Speake BK, Sparks NH
Journal: Br Poult Sci

PubmedPreliminary identification of carotenoids in malignant and benign neoplasms of the breast and surrounding fatty tissue.
Authors:  Czeczuga-Semeniuk E, Wo?czy?ski S, Markiewicz W
Journal: Neoplasma

PubmedSuppressive effect of carotenoids on the luminol dependent chemiluminescence of the stimulated rat macrophages.
Authors:  Zhao W, Han Y
Journal: Chin Med Sci J

PubmedThe effect of an acute phase response on tissue carotenoid levels of growing chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus).
Authors:  Koutsos EA, Calvert CC, Klasing KC
Journal: Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol

PubmedIdentification by HPLC-MS of carotenoids of the Thraustochytrium CHN-1 strain isolated from the Seto Inland Sea.
Authors:  Carmona ML, Naganuma T, Yamaoka Y
Journal: Biosci Biotechnol Biochem

PubmedCarotenoprotein complexes in entomostracan crustaceans (Streptocephalus dichotomus and Moina micrura).
Authors:  Velu CS, Czeczuga B, Munuswamy N
Journal: Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol

PubmedSerum carotenoids and mortality from lung cancer: a case-control study nested in the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) study.
Authors:  Ito Y, Wakai K, Suzuki K, Tamakoshi A, Seki N, Ando M, Nishino Y, Kondo T, Watanabe Y, Ozasa K, Ohno Y,  
Journal: Cancer Sci

PubmedMaternal carotenoid status modifies the incorporation of dietary carotenoids into immune tissues of growing chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus).
Authors:  Koutsos EA, Clifford AJ, Calvert CC, Klasing KC
Journal: J Nutr

PubmedSinglet oxygen quenching by dietary carotenoids in a model membrane environment.
Authors:  Cantrell A, McGarvey DJ, Truscott TG, Rancan F, Böhm F
Journal: Arch Biochem Biophys

PubmedInduction of liver monooxygenases by annatto and bixin in female rats.
Authors:  De-Oliveira AC, Silva IB, Manhaes-Rocha DA, Paumgartten FJ
Journal: Braz J Med Biol Res

PubmedAnalysis of genomic diversity among photosynthetic stem-nodulating rhizobial strains from northeast Argentina.
Authors:  Montecchia MS, Kerber NL, Pucheu NL, Perticari A, García AF
Journal: Syst Appl Microbiol

Pubmed[The effects of carotenoids on the proliferation of human breast cancer cell and gene expression of bcl-2]
Authors:  Li Z, Wang Y, Mo B
Journal: Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi

PubmedAstaxanthin and canthaxanthin do not induce liver or kidney xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum).
Authors:  Page GI, Davies SJ
Journal: Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol

PubmedSerum antioxidants and subsequent mortality rates of all causes or cancer among rural Japanese inhabitants.
Authors:  Ito Y, Suzuki K, Suzuki S, Sasaki R, Otani M, Aoki K
Journal: Int J Vitam Nutr Res

PubmedCarotenoids induce apoptosis in the T-lymphoblast cell line Jurkat E6.1.
Authors:  Müller K, Carpenter KL, Challis IR, Skepper JN, Arends MJ
Journal: Free Radic Res





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